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==Notable people== {{Alumni|date=May 2019}} ===Alumni=== {{Main|List of alumni of the University of St Andrews}} {{See also|Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="172"> File:Rev Thomas Chalmers by Thomas Duncan, SNPG.JPG|[[Thomas Chalmers]] File:Edward Jenner2.jpg|[[Edward Jenner]] File:John Knox.jpg|[[John Knox]] File:John Napier (Neper).jpg|[[John Napier]] File:John Pringle.jpg|[[John Pringle (physician)|John Pringle]] File:JusticeJamesWilson.jpg|[[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]] </gallery> [[File:All smiles Wedding of Prince William of Wales and Kate Middleton.jpg|thumb|[[William, Prince of Wales]] and [[Catherine, Princess of Wales]] graduated together in 2005 with degrees in Geography and History of Art respectively.]] Notable University of St Andrews alumni include [[James II of Scotland|King James II of Scotland]]; [[United States Declaration of Independence]] signatory [[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]] (1761); [[Governor General of Canada]] [[John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll|John Campbell]]; discoverer of [[logarithms]] [[John Napier]] (1563); founder of the [[Church of Scotland]] and leader of the Protestant Reformation [[John Knox]] (1531); notable [[Leader of the Church of Scotland]] [[Thomas Chalmers]]; founder of and the first chancellor of the [[University of Glasgow]] [[William Turnbull (bishop)|William Turnbull]]; founder of the [[University of Edinburgh]] [[Robert Reid (bishop)|Robert Reid]]; founder of the world's first commercial [[Trustee Savings Bank|savings bank]] [[Henry Duncan (minister)|Henry Duncan]] (1823); journalist and politician during the [[French Revolution]] [[Jean-Paul Marat]] (1775 MD); inventor of [[beta-blockers]], [[H2 receptor antagonists]] and [[Nobel Prize in Medicine]] winner [[James W. Black]] (1946 MB ChB); the 'father of military medicine' [[John Pringle (physician)|Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet]]; pioneer of the [[smallpox vaccine]] [[Edward Jenner]] (1792 MD); the 'father of medical services in Pakistan' [[Wajid Ali Khan Burki]] (1924 MB ChB); [[William, Prince of Wales]] (2005) and [[Catherine, Princess of Wales]] (2005). Alumni in the fields of academia and education have gone on to found the [[University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences|University of Melbourne Medical School]] ([[Anthony Brownless]]) and the [[Scottish Church College]] in [[Calcutta]] ([[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]] was also the first Scottish missionary to India), become the first Regent and first principal of the University of Edinburgh ([[Robert Rollock]]), dean of [[Harvard Divinity School]] ([[David N. Hempton|David Hempton]]), the [[Vice-chancellor (education)|Vice Chancellors]] of [[Aberdeen University]] ([[Ian Diamond]]), [[University of Nottingham]] ([[Shearer West]]), [[Open University]] ([[Walter Perry]] was also the first vice-chancellor) and [[Sydney University]] ([[Gavin Brown (academic)|Gavin Brown]]), chancellor of the [[University of Maine System]] ([[James H. Page]]), provost of [[Eton College]] ([[Eric Anderson (educator)|Eric Anderson]]), discoverer of the [[Berry Phase]] (Sir [[Michael Berry (physicist)|Michael Berry]]) and inventor of the [[Leslie cube]] [[John Leslie (physicist)|John Leslie]]. In business and finance, St Andrews graduates have become the [[Chief executive officer|CEOs]] of multinational companies including [[BHP]] ([[Andrew Mackenzie (businessman)|Andrew Mackenzie]]), [[BP]] ([[Robert Horton (businessman)|Robert Horton]]), [[FanDuel]] ([[Nigel Eccles]] co-founded the company with fellow St Andrews graduate, Lesley Eccles),<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/fanduel-tyrone-man-nigel-eccles-will-soon-be-northern-irelands-newest-billionaire-31394470.html|title=FanDuel: Tyrone man Nigel Eccles will soon be Northern Ireland's newest billionaire|work=The Belfast Telegraph|date=22 July 2015|access-date=21 December 2015|archive-date=2 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102220604/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/fanduel-tyrone-man-nigel-eccles-will-soon-be-northern-irelands-newest-billionaire-31394470.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rolls-Royce Holdings]] ([[John Rose (businessman)|John Rose]]), [[Royal Dutch Shell]] ([[Bob Reid (executive)|Robert Paul Reid]]), [[Tate & Lyle]] ([[Iain Ferguson (businessman)|Iain Ferguson]]) and [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] ([[George Mathewson]]). Other notable businesspeople include Banker [[Olivier Sarkozy]], director of the [[Edinburgh Festival Fringe]] [[Alistair Moffat]] and the CEO of [[Scottish Rugby Union]] and [[ATP World Tour Finals]] [[Phil Anderton]]. [[File:Alex Salmond, First Minister of Scotland (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Alex Salmond]] was the [[First Minister of Scotland]] and [[Leader of the Scottish National Party|Leader of the SNP]] during the [[2014 Scottish independence referendum|Scottish Independence Referendum in 2014.]]]] Former St Andrews students active in politics and national intelligence include two [[Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service|Chiefs of MI6]] [[Alex Younger]] and [[John Sawers]], two deputy directors of the [[Secret Intelligence Service]] (MI6), [[George Kennedy Young]] and [[J. M. Bruce Lockhart]], Secretary of State for Scotland [[Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean|Lord Forsyth]] (Forsyth is also former deputy chairman of [[JP Morgan Chase|JP Morgan]]), former [[First Minister of Scotland]] and leader of the [[Scottish National Party|SNP]] for over 20 years [[Alex Salmond]], former [[Cabinet Secretary (United Kingdom)|Cabinet Secretary]] and head of the Civil Service Sir [[Mark Sedwill]], former [[Secretary of State for Defence]] Sir [[Michael Fallon]], Deputy Leader of the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] [[Malcolm Bruce]] and leader of the [[Christian Party (UK)|Christian Party]] [[George Hargreaves (politician)|James George Hargreaves]]. Outside of the UK, alumni include the [[Financial Secretary of Hong Kong|financial secretary of Hong Kong]] credited with laying the foundations for Hong Kong's economic success [[John James Cowperthwaite]], former senior director for European and Russian affairs on the [[United States National Security Council]], [[Fiona Hill (presidential advisor)|Fiona Hill]], [[David Holmes (diplomat)|David Holmes]] (both were involved in the [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesaint-online.com/2019/11/st-andrews-alums-testify-in-trump-impeachment/|title=St Andrews alums testify in Trump's Impeachment Inquiry|website=The Saint-Online|access-date=15 December 2019|archive-date=22 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122141119/http://www.thesaint-online.com/2019/11/st-andrews-alums-testify-in-trump-impeachment/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the first female cabinet minister in [[Egypt]] [[Hikmat Abu Zayd]]. Alumni have also gone on to serve as diplomats including the current [[Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations]] and former British Ambassador to China (2015–2020) Dame [[Barbara Woodward]], former ambassador to Russia (2008–2011) Dame [[Anne Pringle]] and [[Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin|Thomas Bruce]] who is known for the removal of the [[Elgin Marbles]] from the [[Parthenon]]. Alumni from the media and the arts include founder of ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine [[B. C. Forbes]], founder of ''[[The Week]]'' [[Jolyon Connell]], former [[Downing Street]] [[Director of Communications]] and former controller of [[BBC World News]] [[Craig Oliver (British journalist)|Craig Oliver]], [[political editor]] of [[BBC Scotland]] [[Brian Taylor (journalist)|Brian Taylor]], [[BBC News]] presenter [[Louise Minchin]], [[BBC Sport]] TV presenter [[Hazel Irvine]], editor of [[Tatler]] [[Richard Dennen]], [[Primetime Emmy Award]] winning screenwriter [[David Butler (screenwriter)|David Butler]], [[Pulitzer Prize]] winning author [[James Michener]], feminist writer [[Fay Weldon]], poet [[Len Pennie]], musician [[The Pictish Trail]] and actors [[Siobhan Redmond]], [[Crispin Bonham-Carter]], [[Ian McDiarmid]], [[David Caves]] and [[Jonathan Taylor Thomas]]. Other notable alumni include 'father of the [[Tax per head|poll tax]]' [[Douglas Mason]], founders of the [[Adam Smith Institute]], [[Madsen Pirie]] and [[Eamonn Butler]], former [[Solicitor General of the United States]] [[Elizabeth Prelogar]], former [[Lord Justice General]] [[William Cullen, Baron Cullen of Whitekirk|Lord Cullen]], two former members of the [[Inner House]], [[Ronald Mackay, Lord Eassie|Lord Eassie]] and [[Lynda Clark, Baroness Clark of Calton|Baroness Clark of Calton]], one of the leading figures in the formation of the [[United States Golf Association]] [[Charles B. Macdonald]], the captain of [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.]] during its double-winning season [[Danny Blanchflower]], and the wildlife conservationist [[Saba Douglas-Hamilton]]. The university also boasts of a rich roll of honorary graduates whose members vary from [[Benjamin Franklin]] to [[Hillary Clinton]], from [[Bob Dylan]] to [[Arvo Pärt]], from [[Maggie Smith]] to [[Sean Connery]], from [[Nora K. Chadwick]] to [[Martha Nussbaum]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/another-classic-for-st-andrews/|title=Another 'classic' for St Andrews | University of St Andrews news|website=news.st-andrews.ac.uk|access-date=17 February 2023|archive-date=17 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217200602/https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/another-classic-for-st-andrews/|url-status=live}}</ref> from [[Joseph Stevenson]] to [[Lisa Jardine]], from [[Seamus Heaney]] to [[Bahram Beyzai]], from [[Georg Cantor]] to [[David Attenborough]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/graduation/honorands/|website=www.st-andrews.ac.uk|access-date=17 February 2023|title=Honorary graduates|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308155714/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/graduation/honorands/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Academics=== {{See also|Category:Academics of the University of St Andrews}} Notable University of St Andrews faculty include [[Nobel Prize in Medicine]] winner [[Maurice Wilkins]] (lecturer in physics 1945–1946) and discoverer of [[herring bodies]] [[Percy Theodore Herring]] ([[Chandos Chair of Medicine and Anatomy]] 1908–1948). The [[Morris water navigation task]] was developed by [[Richard G. Morris|Richard Morris]] at the university's [[Gatty Marine Laboratory]]. <!-- Please maintain alphabetical order --> {{Div col|colwidth=18em}} ;Anthropology *[[Paloma Gay y Blasco]] *[[Peter Gow (anthropologist)|Peter Gow]] *[[Ladislav Holý]] *[[Joanna Overing]] ;Biology *[[Struther Arnott]] *[[Maria Dornelas]] *[[Patrick Geddes]] *[[Tracey Gloster]] *[[Adrian Horridge]] *[[Susan D. Healy]] *[[D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson]] ;Business and Management *[[Meaghan Delahunt]] *[[Robert Gray (accountancy academic)|Robert Gray]] ;Chemistry *[[Peter Bruce]] *[[Rebecca Goss (chemist)|Rebecca Goss]] *[[Norman Haworth]] *[[James Irvine (chemist)|James Irvine]] *[[Russell E. Morris|Russell E Morris]] *[[James Naismith (chemist)|James H Naismith]] *[[Catherine Steele]] *[[Michael Bühl]] ;Classics *[[Walter Burkert]] *[[Lewis Campbell (classicist)|Lewis Campbell]] *[[Chris Carey]] *[[John Craig (classicist)|John Craig]] *[[Kenneth Dover]] *[[James Donaldson (classical scholar)|James Donaldson]] *[[Stephen Halliwell (academic)|Stephen Halliwell]] *[[Jill Harries]] *[[Wallace Lindsay]] *[[William Lorimer (scholar)|William Lorimer]] *[[Rebecca Sweetman]] ;Computer Science *[[Jack Cole (scientist)|Jack Cole]] *[[Ian Gent]] ;Divinity *[[John Adamson (minister)|John Adamson]] *[[Mario Aguilar (academic)|Mario Aguilar]] *[[Robert Arnot]] *[[Donald Macpherson Baillie]] *[[Robert Baron (theologian)|Robert Baron]] *[[Richard Bauckham]] *[[Matthew Black]] *[[Ian Bradley]] *[[David Brown (theologian)|David Brown]] *[[Thomas Chalmers]] *[[Nicol Dalgleish]] *[[Ivor Davidson]] *[[George Duncan (Biblical scholar)|George Duncan]] *[[Philip Esler]] *[[Timothy Gorringe]] *[[James Haldenston]] *[[Robert Halliday (bishop)|Robert Halliday]] *[[Daphne Hampson]] *[[Alexander Henderson (theologian)|Alexander Henderson]] *[[George Hill (minister)|George Hill]] *[[Andrew Melville]] *[[N. T. Wright|Nicholas Thomas Wright]] ;Economics *[[Ralph Harris, Baron Harris of High Cross]] *[[David A. Jaeger]] *[[Clara Ponsatí i Obiols]] ;Engineering *[[Angus Robertson Fulton]] ;English, Literature, and Poetry *[[Michael J. Alexander]] *[[Meg Bateman]] *[[John Burnside (writer)|John Burnside]] *[[Robert Crawford (Scottish poet)|Robert Crawford]] *[[Douglas Dunn]] *[[Sandro Eich]] *[[Roger Lancelyn Green]] *[[Robert Irwin (writer)|Robert Irwin]] *[[Kathleen Jamie]] *[[John Johnston (poet)|John Johnston]] *[[A. L. Kennedy]] *[[William Angus Knight]] *[[Don Paterson]] ;Languages and Linguistics *[[Peter Branscombe]] *[[George Hadow]] ;Geology *[[Christopher Hawkesworth]] ;History and Art History *[[Geoffrey Adams]] *[[Frances Andrews]] *[[Ali M. Ansari]] *[[G.W.S. Barrow]] *[[Robert Bartlett (historian)|Robert Bartlett]] *[[Alison Beach]] *[[Michael Bentley (historian)|Michael Bentley]] *[[Paul Bibire]] *[[Michael Brown (historian)|Michael Brown]] *[[George Buchanan]] *[[Nora K. Chadwick]] *[[Barrie Dobson]] *[[Aileen Fyfe]] *[[Norman Gash]] *[[Chris Given-Wilson]] *[[John Guy (historian)|John Guy]] *[[Robert Kerr Hannay]] *[[John Hudson (historian)|John Hudson]] *[[Caroline Humfress]] *[[Martin Kemp (art historian)|Martin Kemp]] *[[John Philipps Kenyon]] *[[Colin Kidd]] *[[Paul Magdalino]] *[[Phillips O'Brien]] *[[Andrew Pettegree]] *[[Guy Rowlands]] *[[Hamish Scott (historian)|Hamish Scott]] *[[Christopher Smout]] *[[Richard Whatmore]] *[[Alex Woolf]] *[[Tomasz Kamusella]] ;International Relations and Politics *[[Bruce Hoffman]] *[[John Lindsay of Balcarres, Lord Menmuir]] *[[Hew Strachan]] *[[David Veness]] *[[Paul Wilkinson (political scientist)|Paul Wilkinson]] ;Mathematics and Astronomy *[[John Couch Adams]] *[[Rosemary A. Bailey]] *[[Stephen Buckland]] *[[Peter Cameron (mathematician)|Peter Cameron]] *[[George Chrystal]] *[[Edward Copson]] *[[Kenneth Falconer (mathematician)|Kenneth Falconer]] *[[James Gregory (mathematician)|James Gregory]] *[[Alan Hood]] *[[John Mackintosh Howie]] *[[Douglas Samuel Jones]] *[[John J. O'Connor (mathematician)|John O'Connor]] *[[Eric Priest]] *[[Edmund F. Robertson]] *[[Herbert Turnbull]] ;Media and Film Studies *[[Dina Iordanova]] ;Medicine and Physiology *[[John Adamson (physician)|John Adamson]] *[[Oswald Taylor Brown]] *[[George Edward Day]] *[[Margaret Fairlie]] *[[John Forfar]] *[[Percy Theodore Herring]] *[[Robert Hunter (physician)|Robert Hunter]] *[[Joseph Fairweather Lamb]] ;Philosophy and Logic *[[Thomas Spencer Baynes]] *[[Piers Benn]] *[[Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)|Bernard Bosanquet]] *[[C. D. Broad]] *[[Sarah Broadie]] *[[John Burnet (classicist)|John Burnet]] *[[Archibald Campbell (philosopher)|Archibald Campbell]] *[[Herman Cappelen]] *[[Gershom Carmichael]] *[[Laurence Jonathan Cohen]] *[[James Main Dixon]] *[[James Drever]] *[[James Frederick Ferrier]] *[[Adam Ferguson]] *[[John Joseph Haldane]] *[[Bob Hale (philosopher)|Bob Hale]] *[[Geoffrey Hunter (logician)|Geoffrey Hunter]] *[[Malcolm Knox]] *[[John Major (philosopher)|John Major]] *[[Graham Priest]] *[[David George Ritchie]] *[[John Skorupski]] *[[George Stout]] *[[A. D. Woozley|A.D. Woozley]] *[[Crispin Wright]] ;Physics and Astronomy *[[H. Stanley Allen]] *[[John F. Allen (physicist)|John F. Allen]] *[[Adam Anderson (physicist)|Adam Anderson]] *[[Michael Berry (physicist)|Sir Michael Berry]] *[[David Brewster]] *[[Charles Coulson]] *[[James David Forbes]] *[[Dirk ter Haar]] *[[Emilios T. Harlaftis]] *[[Alan Hood]] *[[Thomas F Krauss]] *[[Johannes Kuenen]] * [[Andrew P. Mackenzie]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] ;Psychology *[[W. Tecumseh Fitch|William Fitch]] *[[Kay Redfield Jamison]] *[[Malcolm Jeeves]] ;Zoology *[[Ian L. Boyd]] *[[H. G. Callan]] *[[William Thomas Calman]] {{Div col end}}
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