Editing Brown dwarf (section)

=== Table of extremes ===
{{Incomplete list|date=August 2008}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Record
! Name
! Spectral type
! RA/Dec
! Constellation
! Notes
|-
| Oldest
|
[[LSPM J0055+5948|LSPM J0055+5948 B]]

[[Wolf 1130|Wolf 1130 C]]

[[CWISE J060202.17-462447.8|CWISE J0602-4624]] 
|
T8

sdT8

L8
|
{{RA|00|55|58.300}} {{Dec|+59|48|02.53}} or

{{RA|20|05|02.1951}} {{Dec|+54|26|03.234}} or

{{RA|06|02|02.17}} {{Dec|-46|24|47.8}}
|[[Cassiopeia (constellation)|Cassiopeia]], [[Cygnus (constellation)|Cygnus]] or [[Pictor]]
|three of the few examples with a good age estimate:

LSPM J0055B: 10±3 [[billion years]]<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" />

Wolf 1130C: >10 billion years<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mace |first1=Gregory N. |last2=Mann |first2=Andrew W. |last3=Skiff |first3=Brian A. |last4=Sneden |first4=Christopher |last5=Kirkpatrick |first5=J. Davy |last6=Schneider |first6=Adam C. |last7=Kidder |first7=Benjamin |last8=Gosnell |first8=Natalie M. |last9=Kim |first9=Hwihyun |last10=Mulligan |first10=Brian W. |last11=Prato |first11=L. |last12=Jaffe |first12=Daniel |date=2018-02-01 |title=Wolf 1130: A Nearby Triple System Containing a Cool, Ultramassive White Dwarf |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=854 |issue=2 |pages=145 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aaa8dd |arxiv=1802.04803 |bibcode=2018ApJ...854..145M |s2cid=56431008 |issn=0004-637X |doi-access=free }}</ref>

CWISE J0602-4624: {{Val|10.9|2.6|2.0}} billion years<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rothermich |first1=Austin |last2=Faherty |first2=Jacqueline K. |author-link2=Jackie Faherty |last3=Bardalez-Gagliuffi |first3=Daniella |last4=Schneider |first4=Adam C. |last5=Kirkpatrick |first5=J. Davy |author-link5=J. Davy Kirkpatrick |last6=Meisner |first6=Aaron M. |last7=Burgasser |first7=Adam J. |last8=Kuchner |first8=Marc |author-link8=Marc Kuchner |last9=Allers |first9=Katelyn |last10=Gagné |first10=Jonathan |last11=Caselden |first11=Dan |last12=Calamari |first12=Emily |last13=Popinchalk |first13=Mark |last14=Gerasimov |first14=Roman |last15=Aganze |first15=Christian |date=7 Mar 2024 |title=89 New Ultracool Dwarf Co-Moving Companions Identified With The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project |journal=AJ |arxiv=2403.04592 |last16=Softich |first16=Emma |last17=Hsu |first17=Chin-Chun |last18=Karpoor |first18=Preethi |last19=Theissen |first19=Christopher A. |last20=Rees |first20=Jon |last21=Cecilio-Flores-Elie |first21=Rosario |last22=Cushing |first22=Michael C. |last23=Marocco |first23=Federico |last24=Casewell |first24=Sarah |last25=Hamlet |first25=Les |last26=Allen |first26=Michaela B. |last27=Beaulieu |first27=Paul |first28=Guillaume |last28=Colin |first29=Jean Marc |last29=Gantier |first30=Leopold |last30=Gramaize |first31=Peter |last31=Jałowiczor |first32=Martin |last32=Kabatnik |first33=Frank |last33=Kiwi |first34=David W. |last34=Martin |first35=Billy |last35=Pendrill |first36=Ben |last36=Pumphrey |first37=Arttu |last37=Sainio |first38=Jörg |last38=Schümann |first39=Nikolaj |last39=Stevnbak |first40=Guoyou |last40=Sun |first41=Christopher |last41=Tanner |first42=Vinod |last42=Thakur |first43=Melina |last43=Thévenot |first44=Zbigniew |last44=Wedracki|volume=167 |issue=6 |page=253 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ad324e |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024AJ....167..253R }}</ref>
|-
| Youngest
|2MASS J05413280-0151272
|M8.5
|{{RA|05|41|32.801}} {{DEC|-01|51|27.20}}
|[[Orion (constellation)|Orion]]
|One brown dwarf member of the about 0.5 Myr-old [[Flame Nebula]]. {{Jupiter mass|20.9}} object<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Levine |first1=Joanna L. |last2=Steinhauer |first2=Aaron |last3=Elston |first3=Richard J. |last4=Lada |first4=Elizabeth A. |date=2006-08-01 |title=Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in NGC 2024: Constraints on the Substellar Mass Function |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...646.1215L |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=646 |issue=2 |pages=1215–1229 |doi=10.1086/504964 |arxiv=astro-ph/0604315 |bibcode=2006ApJ...646.1215L |s2cid=118955538 |issn=0004-637X |quote=Table 3: FLMN_J0541328-0151271}}</ref> 
|-
| {{anchor|SDSS J0104+1535}}Most massive
| SDSS J010448.46+153501.8<ref name="zhang2017">{{cite journal |title=Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs – II. The most metal-poor substellar object |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=468 |issue=1 |pages=261 |date=2017-06-11 |arxiv=1702.02001 |last1=Zhang |first1=ZengHua |last2=Homeier |first2=Derek |last3=Pinfield |first3=David J. |last4=Lodieu |first4=Nicolas |last5=Jones |first5=Hugh R. A. |last6=Pavlenko |first6=Yakiv V. |doi=10.1093/mnras/stx350|doi-access=free |bibcode = 2017MNRAS.468..261Z |s2cid=54847595 }}</ref>
| [[Subdwarf|usd]]L1.5
| 01<sup>h</sup>04<sup>m</sup>48.46<sup>s</sup> +15°35'01.8"
| [[Pisces (constellation)|Pisces]]
| distance is ~180–290&nbsp;pc, mass is ~{{Jupiter mass|88.5–91.7}}. Transitional brown dwarfs.
|-
| Metal-rich
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Metal-poor
| SDSS J010448.46+153501.8<ref name="zhang2017"/>
| [[Subdwarf|usd]]L1.5
| 01<sup>h</sup>04<sup>m</sup>48.46<sup>s</sup> +15°35'01.8"
| [[Pisces (constellation)|Pisces]]
| distance is ~180–290&nbsp;pc, metallicity is ~0.004&nbsp;[[Metallicity|Z]]<sub>[[Sun|Sol]]</sub>. Transitional brown dwarfs.
|-
| Least massive
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Largest
|[[FU Tauri|FU Tauri A]]
| M7.25
| {{RA|04|23|35}} {{Dec|+25|03|02}}
| [[Taurus (constellation)|Taurus]]
| Radius is {{Solar radius|1.803}} (~1,254,000 km)<ref> {{cite journal |last=Luhman |first=Kevin |date=2009 |title=Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf Born in Isolation |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=691 |issue=2 |page=1265 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1265 |arxiv=0902.0425 |bibcode=2009ApJ...691.1265L }}</ref>
|-
| Smallest
| Kepler-2002 B (KOI-2513.01)
| T8-T9?
| {{RA|19|34|40}} {{Dec|+46|22|45}} 
| [[Cygnus (constellation)|Cygnus]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find the constellation which contains given sky coordinates |url=https://djm.cc/constellation.html |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=djm.cc}}</ref>
| Radius is {{Jupiter radius|0.25}} (~17,500 km)<ref> {{cite journal| last=Cañas|first=Caleb|date=2023|title=Characterization of Low-mass Companions to Kepler Objects of Interest Observed with APOGEE-N|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=265 |issue=2 |page=50 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/acbcbe |doi-access=free |arxiv=2302.07713|bibcode=2023ApJS..265...50C }}</ref>
|-
| Fastest rotating
| [[2MASS J03480772−6022270]]
| T7
| 03<sup>h</sup>48<sup>m</sup>07.72<sup>s</sup> –60°22'27.1"
| [[Reticulum]]
| Rotational period of {{val|1.080|0.004|0.005}} hours<ref name="Tannock2021">{{cite journal |title=Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs |first1=Megan E. |last1=Tannock |first2=Stanimir |last2=Metchev |first3=Aren |last3=Heinze |first4=Paulo A. |last4=Miles-Páez |first5=Jonathan |last5=Gagné |first6=Adam J. |last6=Burgasser |first7=Mark S. |last7=Marley |first8=Dániel |last8=Apai |first9=Genaro |last9=Suárez |first10=Peter |last10=Plavchan|journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=March 2021 |volume=161 |issue=5 |page=224 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67 |arxiv=2103.01990 |bibcode=2021AJ....161..224T |s2cid=232105126 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|-
| Farthest
|Candidate brown dwarfs in the [[Small Magellanic Cloud]]
|
|{{RA|01|29|32}} {{DEC|–73|33|38}}{{Efn|Location of the open cluster [[NGC 602]] where these brown dwarfs were found.}}
|[[Hydrus]]
|Distance: {{Convert|60900|pc|ly|disp=number}} light-years<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ad779e | doi-access=free | title=Discovering Subsolar Metallicity Brown Dwarf Candidates in the Small Magellanic Cloud | date=2024 | last1=Zeidler | first1=Peter | last2=Sabbi | first2=Elena | last3=Nota | first3=Antonella | last4=Manjavacas | first4=Elena | last5=Jones | first5=Olivia C. | last6=Pacifici | first6=Camilla | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=975 | issue=1 | page=18 | bibcode=2024ApJ...975...18Z }}</ref>
|-
| Nearest
| [[Luhman 16]] AB
| L7.5 + T0.5 ± 1
|{{RA|10|49|18.723}} {{DEC|−53|19|09.86}}
| [[Vela (constellation)|Vela]]
| Distance: ~6.5 ly
|-

| Brightest
|[[LP 944-20]]
|opt: M9beta,
IR: L0:
|{{RA|03|39|35.220}} {{Dec|-35|25|44.09}}
|[[Fornax]]
|According to the ultracool fundamental properties<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sanghi |first1=Aniket |last2=Liu |first2=Michael C. |last3=Best |first3=William M. J. |last4=Dupuy |first4=Trent J. |last5=Siverd |first5=Robert J. |last6=Zhang |first6=Zhoujian |last7=Hurt |first7=Spencer A. |last8=Magnier |first8=Eugene A. |last9=Aller |first9=Kimberly M. |last10=Deacon|first10=Niall R. |title=Table of Ultracool Fundamental Properties |url=https://zenodo.org/records/10086810 |website=Zenodo|date=2023 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.10086810 }}</ref> this object shows signs of youth and could therefore be a brown dwarf with 19.85±13.02 {{Jupiter mass}} and J<sub>MKO</sub>=10.68±0.03 mag
|-
| Dimmest
|[[WD 0806-661 B|L 97-3B]]
| Y1
|{{RA|08|06|53.736}} {{DEC|-66|18|16.74}}
|[[Volans]]
| jmag=25.42, planetary-mass object
|-
| Hottest
| [[ZTF J1406+1222|ZTF J1406+1222 B]]
|
|{{RA|14|06|56}} {{Dec|-12|22|43}}
|[[Boötes]]
|Temperature: {{cvt|10462|K|C F}} in dayside<ref name="ZTF J1406+1422">{{cite journal |last1=Burdge |first1=Kevin B. |last2=Marsh |first2=Thomas R. |last3=Fuller |first3=Jim |last4=Bellm |first4=Eric C. |last5=Caiazzo |first5=Ilaria |last6=Chakrabarty |first6=Deepto |last7=Coughlin |first7=Michael W. |last8=De |first8=Kishalay |last9=Dhillon |first9=V. S. |last10=Graham |first10=Matthew J. |last11=Rodríguez-Gil |first11=Pablo |last12=Jaodand |first12=Amruta D. |last13=Kaplan |first13=David L. |last14=Kara |first14=Erin |last15=Kong |first15=Albert K. H. |date=May 2022 |title=A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04551-1 |journal=Nature |volume=605 |issue=7908 |pages=41–45 |arxiv=2205.02278 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04551-1 |pmid=35508781 |bibcode=2022Natur.605...41B |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
|-
| Coolest
| [[WISE 0855−0714]]<ref name="NASA20140425"/>
| Y4
|{{RA|08|55|10.83}} {{DEC|-07|14|42.5}}
|[[Hydra (constellation)|Hydra]]
| Temperature: {{cvt|−48 to −13|C|K F}}
|-
| Coolest radio-flaring
| [[WISEPA J062309.94-045624.6|WISE J062309.94-045624.6]]
| T8 
| 06<sup>h</sup>23<sup>m</sup>09.28<sup>s</sup> −04°56'22.8"
| [[Monoceros (constellation)|Monoceros]]
| {{cvt|699|K|C F}} brown dwarf with 4.17 mJy bursts<ref>{{cite journal |arxiv=2306.15219 |last1=Rose |first1=Kovi |last2=Pritchard |first2=Joshua |last3=Murphy |first3=Tara |last4=Caleb |first4=Manisha |author4-link=Manisha Caleb|last5=Dobie |first5=Dougal |last6=Driessen |first6=Laura  |last7=Duchesne |first7=Stefan |last8=Kaplan |first8=David |last9=Lenc |first9=Emil |last10=Wang |first10=Ziteng      |title= Periodic Radio Emission from the T8 Dwarf WISE J062309.94−045624.6 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters|year=2023 |volume=951 |issue=2 |pages=L43 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ace188 |bibcode=2023ApJ...951L..43R |s2cid=259262475 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|-
| Most dense
| Kepler-2002 B (KOI-2513.01)
| T8-T9?
| {{RA|19|34|40}} {{Dec|+46|22|45}} 
| [[Cygnus (constellation)|Cygnus]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find the constellation which contains given sky coordinates |url=https://djm.cc/constellation.html |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=djm.cc}}</ref>
| Radius is {{Jupiter radius|0.25}} and mass is  {{Jupiter mass|23}}. Density is 2,000 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref> {{cite journal| last=Cañas|first=Caleb|date=2023|title=Characterization of Low-mass Companions to Kepler Objects of Interest Observed with APOGEE-N|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=265 |issue=2 |page=50 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/acbcbe |doi-access=free |arxiv=2302.07713|bibcode=2023ApJS..265...50C }}</ref>
|-
| Least dense
|
|
|
|
|
|}