Editing Computer security (section)

===Internet of things and physical vulnerabilities===
The [[Internet of things]] (IoT) is the network of physical objects such as devices, vehicles, and buildings that are [[Embedded system|embedded]] with [[electronics]], [[software]], [[sensor]]s, and [[Internet access|network connectivity]] that enables them to collect and exchange data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/gsi/iot/Pages/default.aspx|title=Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative|work=ITU|access-date=26 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626125229/http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/gsi/iot/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=26 June 2015}}</ref> Concerns have been raised that this is being developed without appropriate consideration of the security challenges involved.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Singh|first1=Jatinder|last2=Pasquier|first2=Thomas|last3=Bacon|first3=Jean|last4=Ko|first4=Hajoon|last5=Eyers|first5=David|title=Twenty Cloud Security Considerations for Supporting the Internet of Things|journal=IEEE Internet of Things Journal|volume=3|issue=3|date=2015|pages=269–284|doi=10.1109/JIOT.2015.2460333|s2cid=4732406|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/1/35349952/1/iot-2016.pdf|url-access=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrisclearfield/2013/09/18/why-the-ftc-cant-regulate-the-internet-of-things/|title=Why The FTC Can't Regulate The Internet Of Things|first=Chris|last=Clearfield|work=Forbes|access-date=26 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627090938/http://www.forbes.com/sites/chrisclearfield/2013/09/18/why-the-ftc-cant-regulate-the-internet-of-things/|archive-date=27 June 2015}}</ref>

While the IoT creates opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://hbr.org/resources/pdfs/comm/verizon/18980_HBR_Verizon_IoT_Nov_14.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317052909/https://hbr.org/resources/pdfs/comm/verizon/18980_HBR_Verizon_IoT_Nov_14.pdf |archive-date=2015-03-17 |url-status=live | title=Internet of Things: Science Fiction or Business Fact? | work=Harvard Business Review | access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/Converging_Technologies_for_Smart_Environments_and_Integrated_Ecosystems_IERC_Book_Open_Access_2013.pdf | title=Internet of Things: Converging Technologies for Smart Environments and Integrated Ecosystems | publisher=River Publishers | access-date=4 November 2016 | first1=Ovidiu | last1=Vermesan | first2=Peter | last2=Friess | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012010519/http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/Converging_Technologies_for_Smart_Environments_and_Integrated_Ecosystems_IERC_Book_Open_Access_2013.pdf | archive-date=12 October 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
it also provides opportunities for misuse. In particular, as the Internet of Things spreads widely, cyberattacks are likely to become an increasingly physical (rather than simply virtual) threat.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Clearfield | first=Chris | title=Rethinking Security for the Internet of Things | journal=Harvard Business Review | date=2013-06-20 | url=http://blogs.hbr.org/2013/06/rethinking-security-for-the-in/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920145534/http://blogs.hbr.org/2013/06/rethinking-security-for-the-in/ | archive-date=2013-09-20 | url-status=live }}</ref> If a front door's lock is connected to the Internet, and can be locked/unlocked from a phone, then a criminal could enter the home at the press of a button from a stolen or hacked phone. People could stand to lose much more than their credit card numbers in a world controlled by IoT-enabled devices. Thieves have also used electronic means to circumvent non-Internet-connected hotel door locks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/security/2012/11/hotel-room-burglars-exploit-critical-flaw-in-electronic-door-locks/|title=Hotel room burglars exploit critical flaw in electronic door locks|work=Ars Technica|access-date=23 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514002208/http://arstechnica.com/security/2012/11/hotel-room-burglars-exploit-critical-flaw-in-electronic-door-locks/|archive-date=14 May 2016|date=26 November 2012}}</ref>

An attack aimed at physical infrastructure or human lives is often called a cyber-kinetic attack. As IoT devices and appliances become more widespread, the prevalence and potential damage of cyber-kinetic attacks can increase substantially.