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Markov chain
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===Solar irradiance variability=== [[Solar irradiance]] variability assessments are useful for [[solar power]] applications. Solar irradiance variability at any location over time is mainly a consequence of the deterministic variability of the sun's path across the sky dome and the variability in cloudiness. The variability of accessible solar irradiance on Earth's surface has been modeled using Markov chains,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Simple procedure for generating sequences of daily radiation values using a library of Markov transition matrices |last1=Aguiar |first1=R. J. | last2 = Collares-Pereira | first2 = M. | last3 = Conde | first3 = J. P. | journal=Solar Energy |year=1988 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=269β279|doi=10.1016/0038-092X(88)90049-7|bibcode=1988SoEn...40..269A }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Synthetic generation of high temporal resolution solar radiation data using Markov models |last1=Ngoko |first1=B. O. | last2 = Sugihara | first2= H. | last3= Funaki | first3 = T. |journal=Solar Energy |year=2014 |volume=103 |pages=160β170|doi=10.1016/j.solener.2014.02.026|bibcode=2014SoEn..103..160N }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Stochastic generation of synthetic minutely irradiance time series derived from mean hourly weather observation data |last1=Bright |first1=J. M. | last2 = Smith | first2= C. I. | last3= Taylor | first3 = P. G. | last4= Crook | first4 = R. |journal=Solar Energy |year=2015 |volume=115 |pages=229β242|doi=10.1016/j.solener.2015.02.032|bibcode=2015SoEn..115..229B |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=An N-state Markov-chain mixture distribution model of the clear-sky index |last1=Munkhammar |first1=J. | last2 = WidΓ©n | first2= J. | journal=Solar Energy |year=2018 |volume=173 |pages=487β495|doi=10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.056|bibcode=2018SoEn..173..487M }}</ref> also including modeling the two states of clear and cloudiness as a two-state Markov chain.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The stochastic two-state solar irradiance model (STSIM) |last=Morf |first=H. |journal=Solar Energy |year=1998 |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=101β112|doi=10.1016/S0038-092X(98)00004-8 |bibcode=1998SoEn...62..101M}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A Markov-chain probability distribution mixture approach to the clear-sky index|last1=Munkhammar |first1=J. |last2 = WidΓ©n| first2 = J. | journal=Solar Energy |year=2018 |volume=170 |pages=174β183|doi=10.1016/j.solener.2018.05.055|bibcode=2018SoEn..170..174M }}</ref>
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