Editing Normal school (section)

====Midwest====
'''1853 – Michigan State Normal School, Ypsilanti, Michigan'''<br />
[[File:Normal School 1936.jpg|thumb|Diploma from a normal school in the U.S.]]
The first normal school west of the [[Appalachian Mountains]] in the United States was the Michigan State Normal School, now [[Eastern Michigan University]]. It was created by legislative action in 1849 and opened in [[Ypsilanti, Michigan]], in 1853.<ref name="EMU">
{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.emich.edu/walkingtour/hist.htm
 |title       = A Brief History of EMU
 |access-date  = 2007-12-18
 |author      = Eastern Michigan University
 |author-link  = Eastern Michigan University
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080104155406/http://www.emich.edu/walkingtour/hist.htm
 |archive-date = 2008-01-04
}}</ref>

'''1857 – Illinois State Normal University, Normal, Illinois'''

The State of [[Illinois]] passed an act to establish a normal school on 18 February 1857, and proposals were submitted to locate the new school in [[Batavia, Illinois|Batavia]], [[Bloomington, Illinois|Bloomington]], [[Peoria, Illinois|Peoria]], and Washington (in [[Tazewell County, Illinois|Tazewell County]]). Bids were opened by the State Board of Education in Peoria on 7 May 1857 and the offer from Bloomington, Illinois, was accepted. The normal school was located near the village of North Bloomington, which later was renamed ''Normal'' in honor of the school. The school, originally known as Illinois State Normal University (ISNU), and also known as the Illinois State Teachers College,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.journal-republican.com/obituaries/2013-01-08/ardith-v-davis.html|title=Ardith V. Davis|last=<!-- no byline -->|date=January 8, 2013|work=Platt County Journal Republic|access-date=30 Jan 2019}}</ref> is now known as [[Illinois State University]].

'''1857 – Harris Teachers College, St. Louis, Missouri'''<br />
[[File:1922 Locust yearbook p. 019 (Normal School Board of Regents).jpg|thumb|Texas Normal School Board of Regents in 1922]]

[[Harris–Stowe State University]], now a state university in Missouri, was founded by the [[St. Louis]] public school system in 1857 and claims to be the oldest normal school west of the [[Mississippi River]].

The modern university is the result of the merger of the two normal schools in the area, Harris Teachers College, the older of the two institutions and segregated for white people only, and Stowe Teachers' College, which was segregated for black people only, following the ''Brown vs. BOE'' decision in 1954.

'''1858 – Winona State Normal School, Winona, Minnesota'''<br />
The first state-authorized normal college to open west of the Mississippi River was Winona State Normal School, now called [[Winona State University]], which opened in 1858. Its creation was one of the first acts of the newly formed [[Minnesota Legislature]].

'''1863 – Kansas State Normal Schools, Kansas'''<br />
[[File:Plumb &amp; Watson, 1867.jpg|thumb|First graduating class at the Kansas State Normal School, 1867]]
[[File:Annual catalogue of the officers and students of the Fort Hays Auxiliary State Normal School - first year-1902-&#039;03 (1902) (14759004266).jpg|thumb|Officers and students of the Fort Hays Auxiliary State Normal School – first year –1902–1903 (1902)]]
In 1863, the Kansas Legislature passed an act to establish the Kansas State Normal Schools, starting with the first in [[Emporia, Kansas]], which eventually became [[Emporia State University Teachers College]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emporia.edu/about/|title=Emporia State University History|access-date=2019-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825180213/http://www.emporia.edu/about/|archive-date=2014-08-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 1870 through 1876, [[Leavenworth Normal School]] operated in [[Leavenworth, Kansas]], and from 1874 through 1876 [[Concordia Normal School]] operated in [[Concordia, Kansas]], but the "miscellaneous appropriations bill of 1876" caused Leavenworth and Concordia to close and consolidated operations at the Emporia location.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vbUUAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Concordia+Normal+School%22&pg=PA116 |title= Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, Volume 6|pages=114–116|publisher=Kansas State Historical Society|year= 1900}}</ref> Other normal schools were opened in Kansas including in 1902 the '''Western Branch of the Kansas Normal''' in [[Hays, Kansas]], eventually becoming [[Fort Hays State University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fhsu.edu/about/fhsuhistory/index|title=History of FHSU – Fort Hays State University|website=www.fhsu.edu}}</ref> In 1904, a branch in [[Pittsburg, Kansas]], was opened as the '''Manual Training Auxiliary School''', which eventually became [[Pittsburg State University]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vosburgh |first1=Haydan|title=Emporia State University|url=http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/emporia-state-university/17740|publisher=Kansas Historical Society |access-date=September 26, 2014|date=May 2012}}</ref>

'''1865 – Indiana State Normal School, Terre Haute, Indiana'''<br />
[[File:Fairbanks Hall Dome.jpg|thumb|Indiana State's Fairbanks Hall Dome]]Established by the Indiana General Assembly on December 20, 1865; as the State Normal School, its core mission was to educate elementary and high school teachers. The school awarded its first baccalaureate degrees in 1908 and the first master's degrees in 1928. In 1929, the Indiana State Normal School was renamed the Indiana State Teachers College, and in 1961, was renamed Indiana State College due to an expanding mission. In 1965, the Indiana General Assembly renamed the college as [[Indiana State University]] in recognition of continued growth.

'''1866 – Platteville Normal School, Platteville, Wisconsin<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=33681|title=The Historical Marker Database (Wisconsin First State Normal School)|date=1985|publisher= by Wisconsin Historical Society}}</ref>'''

'''1867 – Nebraska State Normal School, Peru, Nebraska'''

Nebraska State Normal School was chartered on June 20, 1867.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Normal on the Hill|last=Longfellow|first=Ernest|publisher=The Augustine Company|year=1967|location=Grand Island, Nebraska|pages=13–14}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Nebraska's First College – Shaping the Future Since 1867|last=Sullivan|first=Dan|publisher=Omaha World-Herald|year=2017|isbn=978-0-692-88708-0|location=Marceline, MO|pages=9, 135}}</ref> The action by the Nebraska legislature<ref name=":0" /> made it the first state-supported college in Nebraska<ref name=":1" /> with the first classes held on October 24, 1867.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The name changed to Nebraska State Teachers College at Peru in 1921, and in 1949 it changed to Peru State Teachers College.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.nebraska.gov/sites/history.nebraska.gov/files/doc/Peru%20State%20College%20(Nebraska%20State%20Normal%20School)%20%5bRG0029%5d.pdf|title=Archive Records Peru State College (Nebraska State Normal School)|date=2007|publisher=History Nebraska (Nebraska State Historical Society)|access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref> The current name of [[Peru State College]] was adopted in 1963.<ref name=":1" />

'''1868 – Mankato Normal School, Mankato, Minnesota'''<br />
[[File:Annual Catalogue of the State Normal School at Mankato, Minnesota (1901) (14576495318).jpg|thumb|State Normal School at Mankato, Minnesota (1901)]]
Mankato Normal School was the second normal school in Minnesota. Students were usually 17–19 years old when they entered. The student body, which peaked at about 900 in 1920–21, was approximately three-fourths female. In 1921 the school evolved into [[Minnesota State University, Mankato]].

'''1869 – Third State Normal School, St. Cloud, Minnesota'''

Located in St. Cloud, the Third State Normal School was the third normal school established in Minnesota. It welcomed 50 students (40 women and 10 men) as well as 70 children for the model school. Ira Moore was the school's first principal (later president). It graduated its first class, numbering 15, in June 1871. It trained mostly teachers through the end of World War II and then branched out into other disciplines. It is today's [[St. Cloud State University]].

'''1876 – Iowa State Normal School, Cedar Falls, Iowa'''<br />
Opened as Iowa State Normal School in 1876, the school took over the facilities that the state of Iowa originally built to be home to orphans of its Civil War Veterans. The school changed to Iowa State Teachers College in 1909, then State College of Iowa in 1961 before becoming the [[University of Northern Iowa]] in 1967.

'''1888 – Moorhead Normal School, Moorhead, Minnesota'''<br />
Minnesota State Senator Solomon Comstock introduced a bill to the Minnesota State Legislature in 1885, declaring "...[a normal school] would be a fine thing for the Red River Country and especially for Moorhead."
Comstock then donated six acres of land and the next session of the Legislature appropriated $60,000 for the construction of Main Hall, which included classrooms, administrative offices and a library. When The Moorhead Normal School opened in the fall of 1888, President Livingston Lord presided over five faculty members and a class of 29 students. As the school expanded over the years, it went through several name changes, eventually becoming Minnesota State University Moorhead in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mnstate.edu/about/history/|title = Minnesota State University Moorhead's History}}</ref>

'''1892 - Central Michigan Normal School and Business Institute, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan'''<br />
Founded as a private normal school to address the lack of formal training in the "norms" of teaching. After the Michigan State Board of Education took over governance of the school it became a state institution and was renamed Central State Normal School in 1895. The institution became a full university and gained its current name [[Central Michigan University]] in 1959 under the university's 6th president Judson W. Foust.

'''1894 – Springfield Normal School, Springfield, Missouri'''<br />
The Springfield Normal School was founded in 1894 in Springfield, Missouri, to train teachers for public schools in southwest Missouri. This private school offered a Masters of Pedagogy as a two-year post high school degree.  Students also participated in a variety of extra curricular activities. Enrollment was as high as 700 students.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thelibrary.org/lochist/postcards/normal_school.cfm | title=Normal School, Springfield, Mo }}</ref>

In 1906, the private school merged with the new state normal school becoming the Fourth District Normal School. The school moved to its current site with the completion of the building now called Carrington Hall in 1909.  The school has evolved into a research university and is now Missouri State University.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.missouristate.edu/About/history.htm | title=History of the University – About Missouri State – Missouri State }}</ref>

'''1899 – [[North Dakota State Normal and Industrial School|Ellendale State Normal and Industrial School]]'''

This was one of the schools of higher learning provided for in North Dakota's 1889 constitution. Courses included American citizenship, cooking, woodworking, physical education, and others that together were offered as "a living symbol of democracy".<ref>North Dakota History, Journal of the Northern Plains, 2022, Vol. 87, No. 1, Page 18–34.</ref>

=====Ohio=====
In 1871, the Northwestern Ohio Normal School, which later became [[Ohio Northern University]], was founded in Ada, Ohio. The [[Lowry bill|Lowry Normal School Bill]] of 1910 authorized two new normal schools in [[Ohio]]—one in the northwestern part of the state (now [[Bowling Green State University]]) and another in the northeastern part (now [[Kent State University]]).[[File:Reconstructed classroom, Storer College.jpg|thumb|Reconstructed classroom at Storer College]]