Editing Participle (section)

===Esperanto===
{{Main article|Esperanto grammar#Participles|l1=Esperanto grammar: Participles}}

[[Esperanto]] has six different participle conjugations; active and passive for past, present and future. The participles are formed as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! Past
! Present
! Future
|-
| '''Active'''
| -inta
| -anta
| -onta
|-
| '''Passive'''
| -ita
| -ata
| -ota
|}
For example, a ''falonta botelo'' is a bottle that will fall or is about to fall. A ''falanta botelo'' is one that is falling through the air. After it hits the floor, it is a ''falinta botelo.'' These examples use the active participles, but the usage of the passive participles is similar. A cake that is going to be divided is a ''dividota kuko''. When it is in the process of being divided, it is a ''dividata kuko''. Having been cut, it is now a ''dividita kuko''.

These participles can be used in conjunction with the verb to be, ''esti'', forming 18 compound tenses (9 active and 9 passive). However, this soon becomes complicated and often unnecessary, and is only frequently used when rigorous translation of English is required. An example of this would be ''la knabo estos instruita'', or, the boy will have been taught. This example sentence is then in the future anterior.

When the suffix ''-o'' is used, instead of ''-a'', then the participle refers to a person. A ''manĝanto'' is someone who is eating. A ''manĝinto'' is someone who ate. A ''manĝonto'' is someone who will eat. Also, a ''manĝito'' is someone who was eaten, a ''manĝato'' is someone who is being eaten, and a ''manĝoto'' is someone who will be eaten.

These rules hold true for all transitive verbs. Since copular and intransitive verbs do not have passive voice, their participle forms can only be active.

An informal and unofficial addition to these six are the participles for conditional forms, which use ''-unt-'' and ''-ut-''. For example, ''parolunto'' refers to someone who would speak (or would have spoken), and a ''leguta libro'' is a book that would be read (or have been read). These unofficial participle forms are however very rarely used in practice.