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Vocative case
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====Romanian==== The vocative case in [[Romanian language|Romanian]] is partly inherited, occasionally causing other morphophonemic changes (see also the article on [[Romanian nouns]]): *singular masculine/neuter: '''{{lang|ro|-e}}''' as in **{{lang|ro|om}}: {{lang|ro|omule!}} (man, human being), **{{lang|ro|băiat}}: {{lang|ro|băiete!}} or {{lang|ro|băiatule!}} (boy), **{{lang|ro|văr}}: {{lang|ro|vere!}} (cousin), **{{lang|ro|Ion}}: {{lang|ro|Ioane!}} (John); *singular feminine: '''{{lang|ro|-o}}''' as in **{{lang|ro|soră}}: {{lang|ro|soro!}} (sister), **{{lang|ro|nebună}}: {{lang|ro|nebuno!}} (mad woman), also in masculine ({{lang|ro|nebunul}}) **{{lang|ro|deșteaptă}}: {{lang|ro|deșteapto!}} (smart one (f), often used sarcastically), **{{lang|ro|Ileana}}: {{lang|ro|Ileano!}} (Helen); Since there is no ''-o'' vocative in Latin, it must have been borrowed from Slavic: compare the corresponding Bulgarian forms {{lang|bg|сестро|italic=no}} ({{lang|uk-latn|sestro}}), {{lang|bg|откачалко|italic=no}} ({{lang|bg-latn|otkachalko}}), {{lang|bg|Елено|italic=no}} ({{lang|bg-latn|Eleno}}). *plural, all genders: '''{{lang|ro|-lor}}''' as in **{{lang|ro|frați}}: {{lang|ro|fraților!}} (brothers), **{{lang|ro|boi}}: {{lang|ro|boilor!}} (oxen, used toward people as an invective), **{{lang|ro|doamne și domni}}: {{lang|ro|doamnelor și domnilor!}} (ladies and gentlemen). In formal speech, the vocative often simply copies the nominative/accusative form even when it does have its own form. That is because the vocative is often perceived as very direct and so can seem rude.
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