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Abolition of monarchy
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== Monarchies that were abolished, restored, and continue to exist in the 21st century == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2"|Country ! Year abolished ! Notes ! Year restored ! Years of republic |- | [[File:Flag of England.svg| 31px|border]] [[File:St Patrick's saltire.svg| 31px|border]] | [[Kingdom of England|England]] | 1649 | [[Commonwealth of England]] established, then Parliament reversed itself and invited the [[Stuart Restoration|return of the monarchy]]. | 1660 | 11 |- | [[File:Flag of Scotland (1542-2003).svg|31x31px]] | Scotland | 1652 | [[Scotland under the Commonwealth|Commonwealth]] | 1660 | 8 |- | rowspan="2"| [[File:Flag of Spain.svg| 31px|border]] | rowspan="2"| Spain | 1873 | [[First Spanish Republic]] established. | 1874 | 1 |- | 1931 | [[Second Spanish Republic]] established; [[Law of Succession to the Headship of the State|restored]] ([[de jure]]) under the regency of [[Francisco Franco]]. | [[De jure]]: 1947<br />[[De facto]]: 1975 | [[De jure]]: 16<br />[[De facto]]: 44 |- | [[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg| 31px|border]] | [[Kuwait]] | 1990 | [[Republic of Kuwait]] proclaimed prior to [[Kuwait Governorate|annexation]] by [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]]; restored in the [[Gulf War]]. | 1991 | 1 |- | [[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg| 31px|border]] | [[Cambodia (1953β1970)|Cambodia]] | 1970 | The [[Khmer Republic]] established; restored as an [[elective monarchy]]. | 1993 | 23 |} Many other [[List of current monarchies|monarchies continue to exist]] in the 21st century, never having been abolished.
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