Editing Axis powers (section)

===German===
The collaborationist administrations of [[German-occupied Europe|German-occupied countries in Europe]] had varying degrees of autonomy, and not all of them qualified as fully recognized [[sovereign state]]s. The [[General Government]] in [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied Poland]] was a fully German administration. In [[Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany|occupied Norway]], the [[Quisling regime|National Government]] headed by [[Vidkun Quisling]] – whose name [[Quisling|came to symbolize pro-Axis collaboration]] in several languages – was subordinate to the [[Reichskommissariat Norwegen]]. It was never allowed to have any armed forces, be a recognized military partner, or have autonomy of any kind. In [[History of the Netherlands (1939–1945)|the occupied Netherlands]], [[Anton Mussert]] was given the symbolic title of "Führer of the Netherlands' people". His [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands|National Socialist Movement]] formed a cabinet assisting the German administration, but was never recognized as a real Dutch government.

====Albania (Albanian Kingdom)====
{{Main|German occupation of Albania}}
After the Italian armistice, a vacuum of power opened up in [[Albania under Italy|Albania]]. The Italian occupying forces were rendered largely powerless, as the [[National Liberation Movement (Albania)|National Liberation Movement]] took control of the south and the National Front ([[Balli Kombëtar]]) took control of the north. Albanians in the Italian army joined the guerrilla forces. In September 1943 the guerrillas moved to take the capital of [[Tirana]], but [[Fallschirmjäger|German paratroopers]] dropped into the city. Soon after the battle, the [[Oberkommando der Wehrmacht|German High Command]] announced that they would recognize the independence of a [[greater Albania]]. They organized an Albanian government, police, and military in collaboration with the Balli Kombëtar. The Germans did not exert heavy control over Albania's administration, but instead attempted to gain popular appeal by giving their political partners what they wanted. Several Balli Kombëtar leaders held positions in the regime. The joint forces incorporated Kosovo, western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, and Presevo into the Albanian state. A High Council of Regency was created to carry out the functions of a head of state, while the government was headed mainly by Albanian conservative politicians. Albania was the only European country occupied by the Axis powers that ended World War II with a larger [[History of the Jews in Albania|Jewish population]] than before the war.{{sfn|Sarner|1997|p={{page needed|date=March 2012}}}} The Albanian government had refused to hand over their Jewish population. They provided Jewish families with forged documents and helped them disperse in the Albanian population.<ref name="Yad Vashem: Albania">{{cite web|url=http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205725.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031127122807/http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205725.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2003-11-27| title=Shoah Research Center – Albania}}</ref> Albania was completely liberated on November 29, 1944.

==== Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia ====
{{Main|Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia|Government of National Salvation}}
The [[Government of National Salvation]], also referred to as the Nedić regime, was the second Serbian puppet government, after the [[Commissioner Government]], established on the [[Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia|Territory of the (German) Military Commander in Serbia]]{{#tag:ref|Official name of the occupied territory translated from {{langx|de|Gebiet des Militärbefehlshaber Serbiens}}, a German occupied territory.<ref name="Hehn">[[#Hehn_1971|Hehn (1971)]], pp. 344–373</ref>|group=nb}} during [[World War II]]. It was appointed by the German Military Commander in Serbia and operated from 29 August 1941 to October 1944. Although the Serbian puppet regime had some support,<ref>{{cite book|last=MacDonald|first=David Bruce|title=Balkan holocausts?: Serbian and Croatian victim-centred propaganda and the war in Yugoslavia|year=2002|publisher=Manchester University Press|location=Manchester|isbn=0719064678|page=142}}</ref> it was unpopular with a majority of Serbs who either joined the Yugoslav Partisans or [[Draža Mihailović]]'s [[Chetniks]].<ref>{{cite book |last=MacDonald |first=David Bruce |title=Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide: The Holocaust and Historical Representation |year=2007 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-08572-9 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QoNONBC5K8C&pg=PA167}}</ref> The Prime Minister throughout was General [[Milan Nedić]]. The Government of National Salvation was evacuated from Belgrade to [[Kitzbühel]], [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] in the first week of October 1944 before the German withdrawal from Serbia was complete.

Racial laws were introduced in all occupied territories with immediate effects on Jews and Roma people, as well as causing the imprisonment of those opposed to Nazism. Several concentration camps were formed in Serbia and at the 1942 Anti-Freemason Exhibition in Belgrade the city was pronounced to be free of Jews (Judenfrei). On 1 April 1942, a Serbian Gestapo was formed. An estimated 120,000 people were interned in German-run concentration camps in Nedić's Serbia between 1941 and 1944. However the [[Banjica Concentration Camp]] was jointly run by the German Army and Nedic's regime.<ref name="Israeli2013">{{cite book|author=Raphael Israeli|title=The Death Camps of Croatia: Visions and Revisions, 1941–1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M66fG2bhi1AC&pg=PA31|access-date=12 May 2013|date= 2013|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-4930-2|page=31}}</ref> 50,000 to 80,000 were killed during this period. Serbia became the second country in Europe, following Estonia, to be proclaimed Judenfrei (free of Jews). Approximately 14,500 Serbian Jews – 90 percent of Serbia's Jewish population of 16,000 – were murdered in World War II.

Nedić was captured by the Americans when they occupied the former territory of Austria, and was subsequently handed over to the Yugoslav communist authorities to act as a witness against war criminals, on the understanding he would be returned to American custody to face trial by the Allies. The Yugoslav authorities refused to return Nedić to United States custody. He died on 4 February 1946 after either jumping or falling out of the window of a Belgrade hospital, under circumstances which remain unclear.

====Italy (Italian Social Republic)====
{{Main|Italian Social Republic}}
[[File:Italian social republic map.png|thumb|{{legend striped|#fefa9f|#c1e79c|Italian Social Republic (RSI) as of 1943}}{{legend|#c1e79c|German military operational zones ([[OZAV]]/[[OZAK]]) under direct German administration}}]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-311-0926-07, Italien, italienische Soldaten.jpg|thumb|left|RSI ([[Italian Social Republic|Repubblica Sociale Italiana]]) soldiers, March 1944]]

Italian Fascist leader [[Benito Mussolini]] formed the Italian Social Republic (''Repubblica Sociale Italiana'' in [[Italian language|Italian]]) on 23 September 1943, succeeding the Kingdom of Italy as a member of the Axis.

Mussolini had been removed from office and arrested by King Victor Emmanuel III on 25 July 1943. After the Italian armistice, in a [[Gran Sasso raid|raid]] led by German paratrooper [[Otto Skorzeny]], Mussolini was rescued from arrest.

Once restored to power, Mussolini declared that Italy was a [[republic]] and that he was the new head of state. He was subject to German control for the duration of the war.