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DNA sequencing
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=== Microfluidic Sanger sequencing === {{Main|Sanger sequencing}} In microfluidic [[Sanger sequencing]] the entire thermocycling amplification of DNA fragments as well as their separation by electrophoresis is done on a single glass wafer (approximately 10 cm in diameter) thus reducing the reagent usage as well as cost.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kan CW, Fredlake CP, Doherty EA, Barron AE | title = DNA sequencing and genotyping in miniaturized electrophoresis systems | journal = Electrophoresis | volume = 25 | issue = 21β22 | pages = 3564β88 | date = 1 November 2004 | pmid = 15565709 | doi = 10.1002/elps.200406161 | s2cid = 4851728 }}</ref> In some instances researchers have shown that they can increase the throughput of conventional sequencing through the use of microchips.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen YJ, Roller EE, Huang X | title = DNA sequencing by denaturation: experimental proof of concept with an integrated fluidic device | journal = Lab on a Chip | volume = 10 | issue = 9 | pages = 1153β59 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20390134 | pmc = 2881221 | doi = 10.1039/b921417h }}</ref> Research will still need to be done in order to make this use of technology effective.
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