Editing Tissue engineering (section)

=== Crash ===
Soon after the big boom, the first problems started to appear. There were problems getting products approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] and if they got approved there were often difficulties in getting insurance providers to pay for the products and getting it accepted by health care providers.<ref name="Umemura2019" /><ref name=":3">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bouchie A | title = Tissue engineering firms go under | journal = Nature Biotechnology | volume = 20 | issue = 12 | pages = 1178–79 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12454657 | doi = 10.1038/nbt1202-1178 | s2cid = 9682305 }}</ref>

For example, organogenesis ran into problems marketing its product and integrating its product in the health system. This partially due to the difficulties of handling living cells and the increased difficulties faced by physicians in using these products over conventional methods.<ref name="Umemura2019" />

Another example would be Advanced Tissue Sciences Dermagraft skin product which could not create a high enough demand without reimbursements from insurance providers. Reasons for this were $4000 price-tag and the circumstance that Additionally Advanced Tissue Sciences struggled to get their product known by physicians.<ref name="Umemura2019" />

The above examples demonstrate how companies struggled to make profit. This, in turn, lead investors to lose patience and stopping further funding. In consequence, several Tissue Engineering companies such as Organogenesis and Advanced Tissue Sciences filed for bankruptcy in the early 2000s. At this time, these were the only ones having commercial skin products on the market.<ref name=":3" />