Editing Window (section)

== Impact of the sun ==
{{Main|Daylighting (architecture)}}

=== Sun incidence angle ===

Historically, windows are designed with surfaces parallel to vertical building walls. Such a design allows considerable solar light and heat penetration due to the most commonly occurring incidence of sun angles. In [[passive solar building design]], an extended [[eave]] is typically used to control the amount of solar light and heat entering the window(s).

An alternative method is to calculate an optimum window mounting angle that accounts for summer sun load minimization, with consideration of actual latitude of the building. This process has been implemented, for example, in the [[Dakin Building]] in [[Brisbane, California]]—in which most of the fenestration is designed to reflect summer heat load and help prevent summer interior [[over-illumination]] and glare, by canting windows to nearly a 45 degree angle.

=== Solar window ===
{{Main|Photovoltaics}}

[[Photovoltaic window]]s not only provide a clear view and illuminate rooms, but also convert sunlight to electricity for the building.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.mit.edu/2008/mit-opens-new-window-solar-energy/|title=MIT opens new 'window' on solar energy |publisher=Web.mit.edu |date=July 10, 2008 |access-date=February 11, 2012}}</ref> In most cases, translucent photovoltaic cells are used.

=== Passive solar ===
{{Main|Passive solar building design}}

''Passive solar windows'' allow light and solar energy into a building while minimizing air leakage and heat loss. Properly positioning these windows in relation to sun, wind, and landscape—while properly shading them to limit excess heat gain in summer and shoulder seasons, and providing thermal mass to absorb energy during the day and release it when temperatures cool at night—increases comfort and [[Efficient energy use|energy efficiency]]. Properly designed in climates with adequate solar gain, these can even be a building's primary heating system.

=== Coverings ===

A [[window covering]] is a shade or screen that provides multiple functions. Some coverings, such as drapes and blinds provide occupants with privacy. Some window coverings control solar heat gain and glare. There are external shading devices and internal shading devices.<ref name="Windows">Beckett, H. E., & Godfrey, J. A. (1974). ''Windows: Performance, design and installation''. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.</ref> Low-e [[window film]] is a low-cost alternative to window replacement to transform existing poorly-insulating windows into energy-efficient windows. For high-rise buildings, [[smart glass]] can provide an alternative.

=== Gallery ===
<gallery widths="170" heights="170" mode="packed" caption="Various windows">
File:Window grill from a palace of Ramesses III MET 14.6.232-dia1.jpg|[[Ancient Egyptian architecture|Ancient Egyptian]] [[sandstone]] window grill from a palace of [[Ramesses III]], now in the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)
File:GBM - Glas Fenster.jpg|Fragment of a [[Ancient Roman architecture|Roman]] window glass plate dated to 1st to 4th century CE. Note the obvious curvature; this is not a flat pane
File:Window art in Kalleshvara Temple at Aralaguppe (edited angles and cropped).jpg|[[Indian architecture|Indian]] window of the [[Kalleshvara Temple, Aralaguppe|Kalleshvara Temple]] (India)
File:师俭堂.JPG|[[Chinese architecture|Chinese]] latticed window in [[Zhenze]] ([[Jiangsu]], China)
File:Atenas, varios 10.jpg|[[Byzantine architecture|Byzantine]] window of the [[Little Metropolis]] ([[Athens]], Greece)
File:Jameh Mosque of Nishapur - October 13 2013 45.JPG|[[Islamic architecture|Islamic]] window of the [[Jameh Mosque of Nishapur]] ([[Nishapur]], [[Iran]])
File:David et Salomon, vitrail roman, Cathédrale de Strasbourg.jpg|Part of a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] stained glass window with Kings [[David]] and [[Solomon]] from [[Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg]] ([[Strasbourg]], France)
File:Chartres RosetteNord 121 DSC08241.jpg|North transept windows in the [[Chartres Cathedral]] ([[Chartres]], France)
File:Béringuier-Bonnefoy fenêtre (2).jpg|Flamboyant Gothic window of a stair tower ([[Toulouse]], France)
File:Valdai IverskyMon asv2018 img41.jpg|[[Russian architecture|Russian]] window of the [[Valday Iversky Monastery]] ([[Lake Valdayskoye]], [[Novgorod Oblast]], Russia)
File:Flickr - fusion-of-horizons - stavropoleos (124).jpg|[[Brâncovenesc style|Brâncovenesc]] window of the [[Stavropoleos Monastery]] ([[Bucharest]], Romania)
File:Fenetre-assezat-cour (2).jpg|[[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] window of the [[Hôtel d'Assézat]] ([[Toulouse]], France)
File:0756a - Milano - Palazzo Sormani-Andreani - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 5-May-2007 (edited).jpg|[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] window of the [[Palazzo Sormani]] ([[Milan]], Italy)
File:Zwinger Wallpavillon Gartenseite, Dresden.jpg|[[Rococo]] windows of the [[Zwinger (Dresden)|Zwinger]] ([[Dresden]], Germany)
File:South gate of the Petit Trianon 004.JPG|[[Louis XVI style|Louis XVI]] round window of the [[Petit Trianon]] ([[Versailles]], France), with a [[festoon]]-derived ornament at the top
File:Window of a lateral façade of the Romanian Athenaeum, on Strada Benjamin Franklin (Bucharest, Romania).jpg|[[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] group of windows, on a lateral side of the [[Romanian Athenaeum]] (Bucharest)
File:Window of a very beautiful Gothic Revival house on the Jean-Louis Calderon street from Bucharest (Romania).jpg|[[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] window of a house on Strada Jean-Louis Calderon (Bucharest)
File:P1340760 Paris II place et passage du Caire rwk.jpg|[[Egyptian Revival]] windows of a building in Place du Caire (Paris)
File:60, Bulevardul Dacia, Bucharest (Romania) 1.jpg|[[Romanian Revival architecture|Romanian Revival]] window of a house on Bulevardul Dacia (Bucharest)
File:Window, 55 rue Molitor, Paris 25 February 2017.jpg|19th century [[Eclecticism in architecture|Eclectic]] Classicist windows on Rue Molitor (Paris)
File:9, Strada Dianei, Bucharest (Romania) 3.jpg|[[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] window of the Stroescu House on Strada Dianei (Bucharest)
File:Stillemans32.jpg|[[Art Deco]] house with stained glass windows on Stillemansstraat ([[Sint-Niklaas]], Belgium)
File:Reliance Building (Burnham Hotel) - Chicago, Illinois.JPG|[[Chicago window]]s of the [[Reliance Building]] (Chicago)
File:Maison Horta, détail de la façade.JPG|[[Art Nouveau]] windows of the [[Horta Museum]] (Brussels)
File:Fischerkirche (window), Born a. Darß.jpg|Window with shutters of the Lutheran wooden church in [[Born auf dem Darß]] (Germany)
File:Restaurant Amigos de Acapulco (window), Chico.jpg|Serving window of a Mexican restaurant in the city of [[Chico, California|Chico]] (California)
File:Windows of the Cité de la musique, Paris July 2015.jpg|[[Postmodern architecture|Postmodern]] windows of the Cité de la musique (Paris)
File:Windows (7004083002).jpg|[[Contemporary architecture|Contemporary]] windows of [[Cathedral Plaza Bucharest]]
File:Fönster - Entré - Ystad-2021.jpg|Very high windows in the entrance to a residential building in [[Ystad]]
</gallery>