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DNA sequencing
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=== RNAP sequencing === This method is based on use of [[RNA polymerase]] (RNAP), which is attached to a [[polystyrene]] bead. One end of DNA to be sequenced is attached to another bead, with both beads being placed in optical traps. RNAP motion during transcription brings the beads in closer and their relative distance changes, which can then be recorded at a single nucleotide resolution. The sequence is deduced based on the four readouts with lowered concentrations of each of the four nucleotide types, similarly to the Sanger method.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pareek CS, Smoczynski R, Tretyn A | title = Sequencing technologies and genome sequencing | journal = Journal of Applied Genetics | volume = 52 | issue = 4 | pages = 413β35 | date = November 2011 | pmid = 21698376 | pmc = 3189340 | doi = 10.1007/s13353-011-0057-x }}</ref> A comparison is made between regions and sequence information is deduced by comparing the known sequence regions to the unknown sequence regions.<ref name="Pareek CS">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pareek CS, Smoczynski R, Tretyn A | title = Sequencing technologies and genome sequencing | journal = Journal of Applied Genetics | volume = 52 | issue = 4 | pages = 413β35 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21698376 | pmc = 3189340 | doi = 10.1007/s13353-011-0057-x }}</ref>
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