Editing Greece (section)

=== Philosophy ===
{{Main|Ancient Greek philosophy|Modern Greek Enlightenment}}
[[File:Academy of Athens by ArmAg (2).jpg|thumb|right|Statues of [[Plato]] (left) and [[Socrates]] (right) in front of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]], Greece's [[national academy]] and highest research establishment.]]

[[Ancient Greek philosophy]] involved a disposition to value [[reasoning]] and [[critical thinking|thinking critical]] of traditional culture, thus inaugurating the [[Western culture|Western intellectual tradition]]. While [[Presocratics|thinkers before him]] provided proto-scientific explanations of the natural world, [[Socrates]] in 5th-century Athens systematically enquired [[ethics]]; the next century, his disciple, [[Plato]], wrote presently still pertinent dialogues about [[ethics]], [[Political philosophy|politics]], [[metaphysics]], and [[epistemology]]. There were also topics of treatises composed by Plato's prolific student, [[Aristotle]], whose thought, especially in [[Aristotelian physics|physics]], [[Aristotelianism|infused]] the [[Western world|West]] for centuries. Other philosophical schools emerged during the Hellenistic period, [[Cynicism (philosophy)|Cynicism]], [[Stoicism]], [[Epicureanism]] and [[Skepticism]], while [[Neoplatonism]] dominated subsequent thought.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/greekphi/|title=Ancient Greek Philosophy |publisher= Internet encyclopedia of philosophy|access-date= 23 March 2016}}</ref>

[[Byzantine philosophy]] was characterised by a Christian world-view, but one which could draw ideas directly from the Greek texts of Plato, Aristotle, and the [[Neoplatonists]]. On the eve of the [[Fall of Constantinople]], [[Gemistus Pletho]] tried to restore the use of the term "Hellene" and advocated the return to the [[Olympian Gods]] of the ancient world.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Byzantine Greek scholars, who were largely responsible for preserving [[Classical Greece|Classical Greek]] knowledge, fled to the West after the [[fall of Constantinople|fall of Byzantium]], taking with them literature and significantly [[Greek scholars in the Renaissance|contributing to the Renaissance]].<ref name= JJN>{{cite book |title= A Short History of Byzantium |last= Norwich |first= John Julius|year=1997 |publisher= Vintage Books |isbn=978-0-679-77269-9 |page = xxi}}</ref>

In the modern period, [[Modern Greek Enlightenment|Diafotismos]] (Greek: Διαφωτισμός, "enlightenment", "illumination")<ref>Patiniotis M. (2015) "Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment: In Search of a European Identity," in Arabatzis T., Renn J., Simões A. (eds), ''Relocating the History of Science. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science'', vol 312. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14553-2_9</ref> was the Greek expression of the [[Age of Enlightenment]] and its philosophical and political ideas. Notable representatives were [[Adamantios Korais]], [[Rigas Feraios]] and [[Theophilos Kairis]]. Other modern era Greek philosophers or political scientists include [[Elli Lambridi|Helle Lambridis]], [[Cornelius Castoriadis]], [[Nicos Poulantzas]] and [[Christos Yannaras]].