Editing Mars Express (section)

=== Third decade ===
[[File:Olympus Mons - ESA Mars Express.png|thumb|[[Olympus Mons]] - ESA ''Mars Express'' [[High Resolution Stereo Camera|HRSC instrument]] image]]

==== 2024 ====
* Published in January 2024, a new research analysed [[MARSIS]] radar data collected over the preceding decade and concluded that the [[Medusae Fossae Formation]] at Mars equator, previously thought to be likely composed of dry deposits, instead includes a large amount of water ice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buried water ice at Mars's equator? |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Buried_water_ice_at_Mars_s_equator |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Watters |first1=Thomas R. |last2=Campbell |first2=Bruce A. |last3=Leuschen |first3=Carl J. |last4=Morgan |first4=Gareth A. |last5=Cicchetti |first5=Andrea |last6=Orosei |first6=Roberto |last7=Plaut |first7=Jeffrey J. |date=2024 |title=Evidence of Ice-Rich Layered Deposits in the Medusae Fossae Formation of Mars |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023GL105490 |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |language=en |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=e2023GL105490 |doi=10.1029/2023GL105490 |bibcode=2024GeoRL..5105490W |issn=1944-8007}}</ref>

* In May 2024, computers on ''Mars Express'' (as well as on another ESA mission, ''[[BepiColombo]]'') reported a sharp increase in the number of memory errors, coinciding with a massive [[solar flare]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Can't stop won't stop: Solar Orbiter shows the Sun raging on |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Solar_Orbiter/Can_t_stop_won_t_stop_Solar_Orbiter_shows_the_Sun_raging_on |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref>
* In June 2024, a new study was published in [[Nature Geoscience|''Nature Geoscience'']], providing first evidence for water frost near Mars equator, specificaly atop the [[Tharsis]] volcanoes. This work used data from ESA's ''Mars Express'' and [[Trace Gas Orbiter|TGO]] missions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Surprising Discovery of Frost on Martian Volcanoes Near Equator – "Thought Impossible" |url=https://scitechdaily.com/surprising-discovery-of-frost-on-martian-volcanoes-near-equator-thought-impossible/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=SciTechDaily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Valantinas |first1=A. |last2=Thomas |first2=N. |last3=Pommerol |first3=A. |last4=Karatekin |first4=O. |last5=Ruiz Lozano |first5=L. |last6=Senel |first6=C. B. |last7=Temel |first7=O. |last8=Hauber |first8=E. |last9=Tirsch |first9=D. |last10=Bickel |first10=V. T. |last11=Munaretto |first11=G. |last12=Pajola |first12=M. |last13=Oliva |first13=F. |last14=Schmidt |first14=F. |last15=Thomas |first15=I. |date=2024 |title=Evidence for transient morning water frost deposits on the Tharsis volcanoes of Mars |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01457-7 |journal=Nature Geoscience |language=en |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=608–616 |doi=10.1038/s41561-024-01457-7 |bibcode=2024NatGe..17..608V |issn=1752-0908}}</ref>
* In July 2024, a study was published in [[Radio Science|''Radio Science'']] documenting the first routine use of mutual radio occultation technique at another planet, specifically the measurements of physical properties of the [[Atmosphere of Mars|Martian atmosphere]] conducted using a radio link between ESA's ''Mars Express'' and [[Trace Gas Orbiter|TGO]] orbiters between 2020 and 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dunning |first1=Hayley |last2=London |first2=Imperial College |title=Repurposed technology used to probe new regions of Mars' atmosphere |url=https://phys.org/news/2024-07-repurposed-technology-probe-regions-mars.html |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Parrott |first1=Jacob |last2=Svedhem |first2=Håkan |last3=Witasse |first3=Olivier |last4=Wilson |first4=Colin |last5=Müller-Wodarg |first5=Ingo |last6=Cardesín-Moinelo |first6=Alejandro |last7=Schmitz |first7=Peter |last8=Godfrey |first8=James |last9=Reboud |first9=Olivier |last10=Geiger |first10=Bernhard |last11=Sánchez-Cano |first11=Beatriz |last12=Nava |first12=Bruno |last13=Migoya-Orué |first13=Yenca |date=2024 |title=First Results of Mars Express—ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter Mutual Radio Occultation |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023RS007873 |journal=Radio Science |language=en |volume=59 |issue=7 |pages=e2023RS007873 |doi=10.1029/2023RS007873 |bibcode=2024RaSc...5907873P |issn=1944-799X}}</ref>

* In September 2024, a new cloud atlas of Mars has been published, containing images of Martian clouds by ''Mars Express'' from the past 20 years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Paul Scott |date=2024-09-18 |title=New Cloud Atlas of Mars for cloudspotting on the red planet |url=https://earthsky.org/space/cloud-atlas-of-mars-clouds-dust-storms/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=earthsky.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2024/EPSC2024-44.html |title=Clouds and Storms as seen by HRSC - A catalogue of atmospheric phenomena on Mars |last1=Tirsch |first1=Daniela |last2=Machado |first2=Pedro |last3=Brasil |first3=Francisco |last4=Hernández-Bernal |first4=Jorge |last5=Sánchez-Lavega |first5=Agustín |last6=Carter |first6=John |last7=Montmessin |first7=Franck |last8=Hauber |first8=Ernst |last9=Matz |first9=Klaus-Dieter |date=2024-07-03 |publisher=Copernicus Meetings |issue=EPSC2024-44 |doi=10.5194/epsc2024-44 |doi-access=free |language=en}}</ref>

==== 2025 ====
* In February 2025, a study was published in ''[[Nature Communications]]'' suggesting that the red color of Mars is caused by iron oxides containing water, known as [[ferrihydrite]], and not by [[hematite]] that forms under dry conditions, as thought before. This work used data from ''Mars Express'' and other spacecraft.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Have we been wrong about why Mars is red? |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Have_we_been_wrong_about_why_Mars_is_red |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Valantinas |first1=Adomas |last2=Mustard |first2=John F. |last3=Chevrier |first3=Vincent |last4=Mangold |first4=Nicolas |last5=Bishop |first5=Janice L. |last6=Pommerol |first6=Antoine |last7=Beck |first7=Pierre |last8=Poch |first8=Olivier |last9=Applin |first9=Daniel M. |last10=Cloutis |first10=Edward A. |last11=Hiroi |first11=Takahiro |last12=Robertson |first12=Kevin |last13=Pérez-López |first13=Sebastian |last14=Ottersberg |first14=Rafael |last15=Villanueva |first15=Geronimo L. |date=2025-02-25 |title=Detection of ferrihydrite in Martian red dust records ancient cold and wet conditions on Mars |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=1712 |doi=10.1038/s41467-025-56970-z |pmid=40000645 |pmc=11861699 |bibcode=2025NatCo..16.1712V |issn=2041-1723}}</ref>
* In May 2025, ESA updated the software solution from 2018 which was meant to prolong the lifetime of the spacecraft's gyroscopes. This new update could allow ''Mars Express'' to stay operational until 2034 and be ready to support the [[Martian Moons eXploration|MMX spacecraft]] in 2029.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mars Express updates software, extends lifetime until 2034 |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Mars_Express_updates_software_extends_lifetime_until_2034 |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref>