Editing Spain (section)

=== Cinema ===
{{Main|Cinema of Spain}}
[[File:Pedro Almodovar and Penélope Cruz 2.jpg|thumb|[[Pedro Almodóvar]] and [[Penélope Cruz]] in Oviedo]]

After the first projection of a cinematographer in Spain by 1896, cinema developed in the following years, with Barcelona becoming the largest production hub in the country (as well as a major European hub) on the eve of the World War I.{{Sfn|Montes Fernández|2011|pp=602–603}} The conflict offered the Spanish industry of [[silent film]]s an opportunity for further growth.{{Sfn|Montes Fernández|2011|p=603}} Local studios for [[sound film]]s were created in 1932.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Anuario Jurídico y Económico Escurialense|volume=XLIV|year=2011<!--|pages=597-622-->|issn=1133-3677|title=Recordando la historia del cine español|first=Francisco José|last=Montes Fernández|page=|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3625523.pdf|access-date=1 April 2022|archive-date=17 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417135936/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3625523.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The government imposition of dubbing of foreign films in 1941 accustomed Spanish audiences to watching [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed film]]s.{{Sfn|Montes Fernández|2011|pp=609–610}}

Spanish cinema has achieved major international success including [[Academy Award|Oscars]] for films such as ''[[Pan's Labyrinth]]'' and ''[[Volver]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jordan|first1=Barry|first2=Rikki|last2=Morgan-Tamosunas|author-link2=Rikki Morgan-Tamosunas|title=Contemporary spanish cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryspan0000jord|url-access=registration|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1998}}</ref>

Distinct exploitation genres that flourished in the second half of the 20th century include the ''[[Fantaterror]]'', the [[cine quinqui|cine ''quinqui'']] and the so-called {{ill|Cine de destape|es|lt=''destape''}} films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elespanol.com/el-cultural/cine/20191213/viaje-cara-cine-espanol/451706612_0.html|website=[[El Cultural]]|via=[[El Español]]|title=Viaje por la cara B del cine español|date=13 December 2019|first=Javier|last=Yuste|access-date=1 April 2022|archive-date=1 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401051257/https://www.elespanol.com/el-cultural/cine/20191213/viaje-cara-cine-espanol/451706612_0.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of 2021, the festivals of [[San Sebastián International Film Festival|San Sebastián]] and [[Málaga Film Festival|Málaga]] are ranked among the top cultural initiatives in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.audiovisual451.com/el-festival-de-san-sebastian-y-el-de-malaga-entre-las-diez-iniciativas-culturales-mas-importantes-de-espana-de-2021/|date=9 February 2022|website=Audiovisual451|title=El Festival de San Sebastián y el de Málaga, entre las diez iniciativas culturales más importantes de España en 2021|access-date=1 April 2022|archive-date=9 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209173041/https://www.audiovisual451.com/el-festival-de-san-sebastian-y-el-de-malaga-entre-las-diez-iniciativas-culturales-mas-importantes-de-espana-de-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref>