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Platelet
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==History== * [[George Gulliver]] in 1841 drew pictures of platelets<ref>Lancet, 1882, ii. 916; Notes of Gulliver's Researches in Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, and Botany, 1880; Carpenter's Physiology, ed. Power, 9th ed., see Index under 'Gulliver.'</ref> using the twin lens (compound) microscope invented in 1830 by [[Joseph Jackson Lister]].<ref> {{cite book |last=Godlee |first=Sir Rickman |date=1917 |title=Lord Lister |url=https://archive.org/details/lordlister00godlgoog |location=London |publisher=Macmillan & Co.}}</ref> This microscope improved resolution sufficiently to make it possible to see platelets for the first time. * [[William Addison (physician)|William Addison]] in 1842 drew pictures of a platelet-fibrin clot.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Robb-Smith AH |title=Why the platelets were discovered |journal=British Journal of Haematology |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=618β637 |date=July 1967 |pmid=6029960 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2141.1967.tb00769.x |s2cid=5742616}}</ref> * [[Lionel Beale]] in 1864 was the first to publish a drawing showing platelets.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Beale LS |title=On the Germinal Matter of the Blood, with Remarks upon the Formation of Fibrin |journal=Transactions of the Microscopical Society & Journal |volume=12 |pages=47β63 |date=1864 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2818.1864.tb01625.x}}</ref> * [[Max Johann Sigismund Schultze|Max Schultze]] in 1865 described what he called "spherules", which he noted were much smaller than red blood cells, occasionally clumped, and were sometimes found in collections of fibrin material.<ref name=Schultze>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02961404 |author=Schultze M |title=Ein heizbarer Objecttisch und seine Verwendung bei Untersuchungen des Blutes |journal=Arch Mikrosk Anat |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1β42 |date=1865 |s2cid=84919090 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1428432}}</ref> * [[Giulio Bizzozero]] in 1882 studied the blood of amphibians microscopically ''[[in vivo]]''. He named Schultze's spherules (It.) ''piastrine'': little plates.<ref name=Bizzozero>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF01931360 |author=Bizzozero, J. |date=1882 |title=Γber einen neuen Forrnbestandteil des Blutes und dessen Rolle bei der Thrombose und Blutgerinnung |journal=Arch Pathol Anat Phys Klin Med |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=261β332 |s2cid=37267098 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2466112}}</ref><ref name=Brewer>{{cite journal |vauthors=Brewer DB |title=Max Schultze (1865), G. Bizzozero (1882) and the discovery of the platelet |journal=British Journal of Haematology |volume=133 |issue=3 |pages=251β8 |date=May 2006 |pmid=16643426 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06036.x |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bizzozero possibly proposed the name Blutplattchen.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoE9AQAAIAAJ&q=carbonic+oxide |title=Scientific American |date=1882 |publisher=Munn & Company |page=105 |language=en}}</ref> * [[William Osler]] observed platelets and, in published lectures in 1886, called them a ''third corpuscle'' and a blood ''plaque''; and described them as "a colorless protoplasmic disc".<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Osler W |title=On certain problems in the physiology of the blood corpuscles |journal=The Medical News |date=1886 |volume=48 |pages=421β5}}</ref> * [[James Homer Wright|James Wright]] examined blood smears using the stain named for him, and used the term ''plates'' in his 1906 publication,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wright JH |title=The Origin and Nature of the Blood Plates |journal=The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal |volume=154 |issue=23 |pages=643β5 |date=1906 |doi=10.1056/NEJM190606071542301 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1813919}}</ref> changing to platelets in his 1910 publication.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wright JH |title=The histogenesis of blood platelets |journal=Journal of Morphology |year=1910 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=263β278 |doi=10.1002/jmor.1050210204 |hdl=2027/hvd.32044107223588 |s2cid=84877594 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/imgsrv/download/pdf?id=hvd.32044107223588;orient=0;size=100;seq=3;attachment=0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>
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