Editing Development communication (section)

===== Governance =====
In a study by Hilbert, Miles, and Othmer (2009), a five-round Delphi exercise was conducted to show how "international foresight exercises, through online and offline tools, can make policy-making in developing countries more participatory, fostering transparency and accountability of public decision-making". Policy science was used to identify future priorities with regard to the 2005–2007 Latin American and Caribbean Action Plan for the Information Society ([[ELAC Action Plans|eLAC2007]]). The paper presented specific policy guidance, and explained how [[Delphi method|Policy]] [null Delphi] methods can be applied to make public decision-making more transparent and accountable, particularly in developing countries. Practical implications drawn include 1) "the governments' acknowledgement of the value of collective intelligence from civil society, academic and private sector participants of the Delphi and the ensuing appreciation of participative policy-making" and 2) "the role that can be played by the United Nations (and potentially by other inter-governmental agencies) in international participatory policy-making in the digital age, especially if they modernize the way they assist member countries in developing public policy agendas".<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hilbert|first1=Martin|last2=Miles|first2=Ian|last3=Othmer|first3=Julia|date=2009-09-01|title=Foresight tools for participative policy-making in inter-governmental processes in developing countries: Lessons learned from the eLAC Policy Priorities Delphi|journal=Technological Forecasting and Social Change|volume=76|issue=7|pages=880–896|doi=10.1016/j.techfore.2009.01.001|s2cid=154784808 }}</ref>

Issues and Challenges of Development Communication and Policy Science

Although the field of development communication has been present as early as the 1950s, Waisbord (2005)<ref>Waisbord, S. (2005). Media and Glocal Change: Rethinking Communication for Development. http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/clacso/coediciones/20100824064549/08Chapter4.pdf</ref> mentioned that it faces two sets of challenges. The first set of challenges has something to do with the critical aspects of development projects: scale and sustainability. The first challenge asks how a small-scale project and its effects in a locally based community be replicated to the national level. On the other hand, sustainability refers to community projects that have a long-lasting impact. It asks the questions about how long will the impact of the project take effect?. The second set of challenges focuses on the specific issues of communication. This concentrates on bridging the divide between 'small' and 'big' media and looking at their contribution towards development communication.

Servaes and Lie (2014)<ref>Servaes, J. & Lie, R. (2014). New challenges for communication for sustainable development and social change: a review essay. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2014.982655</ref> also outlined the main challenges for the field of communication for development:
#The differences between good governance and good government and the issues of transparency and accountability. 
#The complexity of the participatory concept. 
#Participation taking place at different levels.
#The reinforcement of independent and pluralistic media.
#Not making full use of potential radio.
#Enabling policy and resources.
#Implementing a legal and supportive framework favoring the right to free expression and the emergence of free and pluralistic information systems.
#Building alliances
#New global partnerships are necessary with the media, development agencies, universities, and governments.