Editing Axis powers (section)

===Japanese===
{{Further|Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere}}
The Empire of Japan created a number of client states in the areas occupied by its military, beginning with the creation of Manchukuo in 1932. These puppet states achieved varying degrees of international recognition.

====Cambodia====
{{Main|Japanese occupation of Cambodia}}
The [[Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)|Kingdom of Kampuchea]] was a short-lived Japanese puppet state that lasted from 9 March 1945 to 15 August 1945. The Japanese entered the [[French protectorate of Cambodia]] in mid-1941, but allowed Vichy French officials to remain in administrative posts while Japanese calls for an "Asia for the Asiatics" won over many Cambodian nationalists.

In March 1945, in order to gain local support, the Japanese dissolved French colonial rule and pressured Cambodia to declare independence within the [[Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere]].<ref>Geoffrey C. Gunn, ''Monarchical Manipulation in Cambodia: France, Japan, and the Sihanouk Crusade for Independence,'' Copenhagen: Nordic Institute for Asian Studies, 2018, Part V</ref> King [[Norodom Sihanouk|Sihanouk]] declared the Kingdom of Kampuchea (replacing the French name) independent. [[Son Ngoc Thanh]] who had fled to Japan in 1942 returned in May and was appointed foreign minister.<ref name="DChandler">David P. Chandler, ''A History of Cambodia'', Silkworm 1993 {{page needed|date=January 2021}}</ref> On the date of Japanese surrender, a new government was proclaimed with [[Son Ngoc Thanh]] as prime minister. When the Allies occupied [[Phnom Penh]] in October, Son Ngoc Thanh was arrested for collaborating with the Japanese and was exiled to France.<ref name="DChandler" />

====Azad Hind====
{{Main|Indian National Army|Azad Hind}}
<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:INA Jubilation.jpg|thumb|[[Indian National Army]] soldiers in Asia]] --> 
The ''Arzi Hukumat-e-[[Azad Hind]]'', the "Provisional Government of Free India" was a state that was recognized by nine Axis governments, and accepted as part of the axis by the Japanese.<ref name="Gow et al1">{{cite book |last1=Gow |first1=I |last2=Hirama |first2=Y |last3=Chapman |first3=J |title=Volume III: The Military Dimension The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1600–2000 |year=2003 |publisher=Springer |isbn=0230378870 |page=208 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eoyDDAAAQBAJ&q=%22Thailand%22+%22part+of+the+axis%22 |access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref>

It was led by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], an [[Indian nationalist]] who rejected [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s nonviolent methods for achieving independence. The [[First Indian National Army]] faltered after its leadership objected to being a propaganda tool for Japanese war aims, and the role of [[I Kikan|Japanese liaison office]]. It was revived by the [[Indian Independence League]] with Japanese support in 1942 after the ex-PoWs and Indian civilians in South-east Asia agreed to participate in the INA venture on the condition it was led by Bose. From occupied Singapore Bose declared India's independence on October 21, 1943 . The Indian National Army was committed as a part of the [[Operation U-Go|U Go Offensive]]. It played a largely marginal role in the battle, and suffered serious casualties and had to withdraw with the rest of Japanese forces after the [[Battle of Imphal|siege of Imphal]] was broken. It was later committed to the defence of Burma [[Burma campaign 1944–45|against the Allied offensive]]. It suffered a large number of desertions in this latter part. The remaining troops of the INA maintained order in Rangoon after the withdrawal of Ba Maw's government. The provisional government was given [[Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands|nominal control of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] from November 1943 to August 1945.

====Inner Mongolia (Mengjiang)====
{{Main|Mengjiang}}
[[Mengjiang]] was a Japanese puppet state in [[Inner Mongolia]]. It was nominally ruled by Prince [[Demchugdongrub]], a [[Mongol]] nobleman descended from [[Genghis Khan]], but was in fact controlled by the Japanese military. Mengjiang's independence was proclaimed on 18 February 1936, following the Japanese occupation of the region.

The Inner Mongolians had several grievances against the central Chinese government in Nanjing, including their policy of allowing unlimited migration of Han Chinese to the region. Several of the young princes of Inner Mongolia began to agitate for greater freedom from the central government, and it was through these men that Japanese saw their best chance of exploiting Pan-Mongol nationalism and eventually seizing control of Outer Mongolia from the Soviet Union.

Japan created Mengjiang to exploit tensions between ethnic [[Mongols|Mongolians]] and the central government of China, which in theory ruled Inner Mongolia. When the various puppet governments of China were unified under the [[Wang Jingwei]] government in March 1940, Mengjiang retained its separate identity as an autonomous federation. Although under the firm control of the Japanese Imperial Army, which occupied its territory, Prince Demchugdongrub had his own independent army. Mengjiang vanished in 1945 following Japan's defeat in World War II.

====Laos====
{{Main|Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)}}
French Indochina, including Laos, had been occupied by the Japanese in 1941, though government by the Vichy French colonial officials had continued. The liberation of France in 1944, bringing [[Charles de Gaulle]] to power, meant the end of the alliance between Japan and the Vichy French administration in Indochina. On 9 March 1945 the Japanese staged a military coup in Hanoi, and on 8 April they reached Luang Phrabang. King [[Sisavang Vong|Sīsavāngvong]] was detained by the Japanese, and forced to issue a declaration of independence, albeit one that does not appear to have ever been formalised. French control over Laos was re-asserted in 1946.<ref name="Ivarsson & Goscha">{{cite journal |last1=Ivarsson |first1=Søren |last2=Goscha |first2=Christopher E. |title=Prince Phetsarath (1890–1959): Nationalism and Royalty in the Making of Modern Laos |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |date=February 2007 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=65–71 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20071807 |access-date=2 April 2021 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/S0022463406000932 |jstor=20071807 |s2cid=159778908 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

====Philippines (Second Republic)====
{{main|Japanese occupation of the Philippines|Second Philippine Republic}}
After the [[Battle of Bataan#Fall of Bataan|surrender]] of the Filipino and American forces in [[Bataan Peninsula]] and [[Corregidor Island]], the Japanese established a puppet state in the Philippines in 1942.<ref>{{cite book |last=Guillermo |first=Artemio R. |title=Historical Dictionary of the Philippines |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmgX9M_yETIC&q=Support%20Second%20Republic%20Philippines&pg=PA211 |access-date=22 March 2013 |year=2012 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7246-2 |pages=211, 621}}</ref> The following year, the [[National Assembly of the Philippines|Philippine National Assembly]] declared the Philippines an [[Second Philippine Republic|independent Republic]] and elected [[José P. Laurel|José Laurel]] as its [[President of the Philippines|President]].<ref name="SSPI2005">{{cite book |last1=Abinales |first1=Patricio N |last2=Amoroso |first2=Donna J. |title=State And Society In The Philippines |series=State and Society in East Asia Series |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xiOQdEzgP9kC&q=Support%20%22Second%20Republic%22%20Philippines&pg=PA160 |access-date=22 March 2013 |year=2005 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-1024-1 |pages=160, 353 }}</ref> There was never widespread civilian support for the state, largely because of the general [[anti-Japanese sentiment]] stemming from atrocities committed by the Imperial Japanese Army.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia | url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/456399/Philippines/23718/World-War-II | title=Philippines | publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. | encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica | access-date=January 22, 2014 |author1=Cullinane, Michael |author2=Borlaza, Gregorio C. |author3=Hernandez, Carolina G. }}</ref> The Second Philippine Republic ended with Japanese surrender in 1945, and Laurel was arrested and charged with treason by the US government. He was granted amnesty by President [[Manuel Roxas]], and remained active in politics, ultimately winning a seat in the post-war [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]].

====Vietnam (Empire of Vietnam)====
{{Main|Empire of Vietnam}}
The [[Empire of Vietnam]] was a short-lived Japanese puppet state that lasted from 11 March to 23 August 1945. When the Japanese seized control of [[French Indochina]], they allowed Vichy French administrators to remain in nominal control. This French rule ended on 9 March 1945, when the Japanese officially took control of the government. Soon after, Emperor [[Bảo Đại]] voided the 1884 treaty with France and [[Trần Trọng Kim]], a historian, became prime minister.