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World tree
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===Other fairy tales=== According to scholarship, Hungarian scholar János Berze Nágy also associated the imagery of the World Tree with fairy tales wherein a mysterious thief comes at night to steal the [[golden apple]]s of the king's prized tree.<ref name="core.ac.uk">Bárdos József. "[https://core.ac.uk/display/328818665 Világ és más(ik) világok tündérmesékben]" [Worlds and Other Worlds in Fairy Tales]. In: ''Gradus'' Vol. 2, No 1 (2015). p. 16. {{ISSN|2064-8014}}.</ref> This incident occurs as an alternative opening to tale type ATU 301, in a group of tales formerly classified as AaTh 301A,{{efn|The third revision of the Aarne-Thompson classification system, made in 2004 by German folklorist [[Hans-Jörg Uther]], subsumed both subtypes AaTh 301A and AaTh 301B into the new type ATU 301.<ref>Uther, Hans-Jörg. ''The types of International Folktales. A Classification and Bibliography, Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson''. Folklore Fellows Communications (FFC) n. 284. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia-Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2004. p. 177.</ref>}} and as the opening episode in most variants of tale type ATU 550, "Bird, Horse and Princess" (otherwise known as ''[[The Golden Bird]]'').<ref>Tacha, Athena. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pmJQAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Gallant+Young+Praslea%22 Brancusi's Birds]''. New York University Press for the College Art Association of America. 1969. p. 8. {{ISBN|9780814703953}}.</ref> Likewise, historical linguist [[Václav Blažek]] argued for parallels of certain motifs of these fairy tales (the night watch of the heroes, the golden apples, the avian thief) to [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] [[Nart saga]]s and the Greek myth of the [[Garden of the Hesperides]].<ref>BLAŽEK, Václav. "[https://www.academia.edu/42649582/The_role_of_apple_in_the_Indo_European_mythological_tradition_and_in_neighboring_traditions The Role of "Apple" in the Indo-European Mythological Tradition and in Neighboring Traditions]". In: Lisiecki, Marcin; Milne, Louise S.; Yanchevskaya, Nataliya. Power and Speech: Mythology of the Social and the Sacred. Toruń: EIKON, 2016. pp. 257–297. {{ISBN|978-83-64869-16-7}}.</ref> The avian thief may also be a princess cursed into bird form, such as in Hungarian tale ''Prince Árgyilus ([[:hu:Árgírus|hu]]) and Fairy Ilona''<ref name="core.ac.uk"/> and in Serbian tale ''[[The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples]]'' (both classified as ATU 400, "The Man on a Quest for the Lost Wife").<ref>BLAŽEK, Václav. "[https://www.academia.edu/42649582/The_role_of_apple_in_the_Indo_European_mythological_tradition_and_in_neighboring_traditions The Role of "Apple" in the Indo-European Mythological Tradition and in Neighboring Traditions]". In: Lisiecki, Marcin; Milne, Louise S.; Yanchevskaya, Nataliya. Power and Speech: Mythology of the Social and the Sacred. Toruń: EIKON, 2016. p. 184. {{ISBN|978-83-64869-16-7}}.</ref> This second type of opening episode was identified by Romanian folklorist [[Marcu Beza]] as another introduction to [[swan maiden]] tales.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Beza|first1=M.|title=The Sacred Marriage in Roumanian Folklore|journal=The Slavonic Review|date=1925|volume=4|issue=11|pages=321–333|jstor=4201965}}</ref>
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