Editing 1640 (section)

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 26]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Ripon]] is signed, restoring peace between the Scottish Covenanters and [[Charles I of England]].<ref name="British Civil War1640" />
* [[November 3]] &ndash; The English [[Long Parliament]] is summoned;<ref name="British Civil War1640" /> it will not be dissolved for 20 years.
* [[December 1]]
** The end of the [[Iberian Union]] of Spain and Portugal begins, as a revolution organized by the nobility and bourgeoisie causes [[John IV of Portugal]] to be acclaimed as king, thus ending 60 years of [[personal union]] of the crowns of Portugal and Spain, and the rule of the [[House of Habsburg]] (also called the Philippine Dynasty). The Spanish Habsburgs do not recognize Portugal's new dynasty, the [[House of Braganza]], until the end of the [[Portuguese Restoration War]] in [[1668]].
** [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]] begins to rule.