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=== October–December === * [[October 2]] – Scottish politician [[John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun|John Campbell]] takes office as [[Lord Chancellor of Scotland]] and is given the title of the Earl of Loudoun by [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] in his capacity as [[List of Scottish monarchs|King of Scotland]]. * [[October 23]] – [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]] breaks out: Irish Catholic gentry, chiefly in [[Ulster]], revolt against the English administration and Scottish settlers in Ireland. * [[October 24]] – The Irish rebel Sir [[Felim O'Neill of Kinard]] issues the [[Proclamation of Dungannon]]. * [[November 4]] – [[Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1641)|Battle of Cape St Vincent]]: A Dutch fleet, with [[Michiel de Ruyter]] as third in command, beats back a Spanish-Dunkirker fleet off the coast of Portugal. * [[November 22]] – By a vote of 159 to 148, the [[Long Parliament]] of England passes the ''[[Grand Remonstrance]]'', with 204 specific objections to [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]]'s absolutist tendencies, and calling for the King to expel all Anglican bishops from the House of Lords. * [[December 1]] – The English Parliament presents the Grand Remonstrance to King Charles, who makes no response to it until Parliament has the document published and released to the general public. * [[December 7]] – The bill for the [[Militia Ordinance]] is introduced by [[Arthur Haselrig]], an anti-monarchist member of the House of Commons, proposing for the first time to allow Parliament to appoint its own military commanders without royal approval. King Charles, concerned that the legislation would allow parliament to create its own army, orders Haselrig arrested for treason. Parliament passes the Militia Ordinance on March 15. * [[December 16]] – [[Pope Urban VIII]] announces the creation of 12 new cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. * [[December 23]] – King Charles replies to the Grand Remonstrance and refuses the demand for the removal of bishops from the House of Lords. Rioting breaks out in Westminster after the King's refusal is announced, and the 12 Anglican bishops stop attending meetings of the Lords. * [[December 27]] – According to a journalist who witnesses the events, [[John Rushworth]], the term "[[roundhead]]" is first used to describe supporters of the English Parliament who have challenged the authority of the monarchy. Rushworth writes later that during a riot on the 27th, one of the rioters, David Hide, draws his sword and, describing the short haircuts of the anti-monarchists, says that he would "cut the throat of those round-headed dogs that bawled against bishops." * [[December 30]] – At the request of King Charles, [[John Williams (archbishop of York)|John Williams]], the Anglican [[Archbishop of York]] joins with 11 other bishops in disputing the legality of any legislation passed by the House of Lords during the time that the bishops were excluded. The House of Commons passes a resolution to have the 12 bishops arrested. King Charles, in turn, issues an order on January 3 to have [[Five Members|five members of the House of Commons]] arrested for treason.
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