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=== October–December === * [[October 8]]–[[October 14|14]] – [[English Civil War]]: The [[Third siege of Basing House]] by [[Oliver Cromwell]] results in its destruction. * [[October 8]] – [[Jeanne Mance]] founds the [[Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal]], the first hospital in North America. * [[October 11]] – [[English Civil War]]: Re-fortification of [[Bourne Castle]] in [[Lincolnshire]] against a threatened Royalist attack begins. * [[November 20]] – The ''Colegio de Santo Tomas'' is elevated by [[Pope Innocent X]] into the [[University of Santo Tomas]], in his brief ''In Supreminenti''. It has the oldest extant University Charter in the Philippines, as well as the whole of Asia. * [[December 18]] – [[English Civil War]]: The Royalist stronghold of [[Hereford]] is seized in a swift attack by Parliamentary forces under [[John Birch (Roundhead)|John Birch]].
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