Editing 1812 (section)

=== October–December ===
* [[October 9]] – [[War of 1812]]: American naval forces under [[Jesse Elliott|Lieutenant Jesse Duncan Elliott]] capture two British warships, {{HMS|Detroit|1812|6}} and {{HMS|Caledonia|1807|6}}.
* [[October 12]] – The capital of the U.S. state of [[Pennsylvania]] is permanently moved from [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]] to [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]].<ref>I. Daniel Rupp, ''History of Lancaster County: To which is Prefixed a Brief Sketch of the Early History of Pennsylvania''</ref><ref>(Gilbert Hillis, 1844; reprinted by Heritage Books, 1990) p. 434</ref>
* [[October 13]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Queenston Heights]]: As part of the [[Niagara campaign]] in [[Ontario]], Canada, United States forces under General [[Stephen Van Rensselaer]] are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops, led by Sir [[Isaac Brock]] (who dies during the battle).
* [[October 18]]–[[October 20|20]] – [[Second Battle of Polotsk]] – Russians attack and defeat a Franco-Bavarian force in [[Belarus]].
* [[October 19]] – [[Napoleon]] begins his retreat from Moscow.
* [[October 23]] – [[Malet coup of 1812]]: General [[Claude François de Malet]] attempts unsuccessfully to overthrow the Napoleonic régime in Paris.
* [[October 24]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Maloyaroslavets]]: An inconclusive encounter between the French [[vanguard]] and a Russian force leads [[Napoleon]] to decide to retreat along the same line as his advance, with disastrous results.
* [[November 3]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Vyazma]]: The rearguard of Napoleon's retreating army is defeated.
* [[November 5]] – [[1812 United States presidential election]]: [[James Madison]] defeats [[DeWitt Clinton]].
* [[November 10]] – [[1812 United Kingdom general election]]: The [[Tories (British political party)|Tory]] Party is victorious, under [[Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool]].
* [[November 15]]–[[November 18|18]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Krasnoi]]: Napoleon's retreating army is again defeated in a series of skirmishes.
* [[December 8]] – The M6.9–7.5 [[1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake|San Juan Capistrano earthquake]] affects [[Alta California]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of VII (''Very strong'') to IX (''Violent''), killing 40 parishioners at [[Mission San Juan Capistrano]].
* [[December 14]] – The [[French invasion of Russia]] comes to an end as the remnants of the [[Grande Armée]] are expelled from Russia.
* [[December 18]] – The first [[Spanish Christmas Lottery]] is drawn, in [[Cádiz]]; it will be continuing more than two centuries later. The first Lotería Nacional was drawn on March 4.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.selae.es/en/web-corporativa/quienes-somos/la-empresa/historia.corporativa|title=History|publisher=[[Loterías y Apuestas del Estado]]|accessdate=2024-12-11}}</ref>
* [[December 20]] – The first volume of ''[[Grimms' Fairy Tales]]'' is published in Germany.
* [[December 29]] – [[War of 1812]]: {{USS|Constitution}} defeats the British frigate {{HMS|Java|1811|6}}, off the coast of [[Brazil]].
* [[December 30]] – The [[Convention of Tauroggen]] is signed.