Editing 1858 in science (section)

==Mathematics==
* The [[Möbius strip]] is discovered independently by [[German people|German]] [[mathematician]]s [[August Ferdinand Möbius]] and [[Johann Benedict Listing]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Clifford A.|last=Pickover|author-link=Clifford A. Pickover|year=2006|title=The Möbius Strip: Dr. August Möbius's Marvelous Band in Mathematics, Games, Literature, Art, Technology, and Cosmology|publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press|isbn=978-1-56025-826-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mbiusstripdrau00pick}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Rainer|last=Herges|title=Möbius, Escher, Bach – Das unendliche Band in Kunst und Wissenschaft|journal=Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau|year=2005|pages=301–310|issn=0028-1050}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor=Rodley, Chris|title=Lynch on Lynch|location=London|year=1997|page=231}}</ref>
* [[Arthur Cayley]] publishes "A memoir on the theory of matrices", introducing the modern concept of the [[Matrix (mathematics)|matrix]] in mathematics.<ref>''[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]]'' (London) '''148''' (1858). Repr. {{cite book|last=Cayley|first=Arthur|title=The Collected Mathematical Papers|orig-year=1889|url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=umhistmath;idno=ABS3153|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|series=Cambridge Library Collection – Mathematics|isbn=978-1-108-00507-4|id=[https://archive.org/search.php?query=The_collected_mathematical_papers_of_Arthur_Cayley archive]|year=2009|volume=2|pages=475–96}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Dieudonné|editor1-first=Jean|editor1-link=Jean Dieudonné|title=Abrégé d'histoire des mathématiques 1700-1900|publisher=Hermann|location=Paris|year=1978|volume=1|chapter=III|page=96}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|page=156}}</ref>
* In [[Luxor, Egypt]], the [[Rhind papyrus]] is found (named for [[Alexander Henry Rhind]], the discoverer; it is sometimes called the Ahmes papyrus for the scribe who wrote it around 1650 BC).