Editing 64-bit computing (section)

=== 64-bit operating system timeline ===
; 1985: [[Cray]] releases [[UNICOS]], the first 64-bit implementation of the [[Unix]] operating system.<ref>{{cite web |author=Stefan Berka |url=http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/bs-unicos.htm |title=Unicos Operating System |publisher=www.operating-system.org |access-date=2010-11-19 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101126033526/http://operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/bs-unicos.htm |archive-date= 26 November 2010 |url-status= live}}</ref>
; 1993: DEC releases the 64-bit [[Tru64 UNIX#OSF/1|DEC OSF/1 AXP]] [[Unix-like]] operating system (later renamed Tru64 UNIX) for its systems based on the [[DEC Alpha|Alpha]] architecture.
; 1994: Support for the [[R8000]] processor is added by [[Silicon Graphics]] to the [[IRIX]] [[operating system]] in release 6.0.
; 1995: DEC releases [[OpenVMS]] 7.0, the first full 64-bit version of OpenVMS for Alpha. First 64-bit [[Linux distribution]] for the Alpha architecture is released.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/4047|title=My Life and Free Software|author=Jon "maddog" Hall|author-link=Jon Hall (programmer)|date=Jun 1, 2000|magazine=Linux Journal}}</ref>
; 1996: Support for the R4x00 processors in 64-bit mode is added by [[Silicon Graphics]] to the [[IRIX]] [[operating system]] in release 6.2.
; 1998: Sun releases [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] 7, with full 64-bit [[UltraSPARC]] support.
; 2000: IBM releases [[z/OS]], a 64-bit operating system descended from [[MVS]], for the new [[zSeries]] 64-bit mainframes; 64-bit [[Linux on z Systems]] follows the CPU release almost immediately.
; 2001: Linux becomes the first OS kernel to fully support [[x86-64]] (on a simulator, as no x86-64 processors had been released yet).<ref>{{cite conference|title=Porting Linux to x86-64 |author=Andi Kleen |url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/ols/2001/x86-64.pdf |quote=Status: The kernel, compiler, tool chain work. The kernel boots and work on simulator and is used for porting of userland and running programs |conference=Ottawa Linux Symposium 2001}}</ref>
; 2001: Microsoft releases [[Windows XP 64-Bit Edition]] for the [[Itanium]]'s IA-64 architecture; it could run [[32-bit application]]s through an execution layer.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2003: Apple releases its [[Mac OS X Panther|Mac OS X 10.3]] "Panther" operating system which adds support for native 64-bit integer arithmetic on [[PowerPC 970]] processors.<ref name="ars-macosx">{{cite web |title=Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard: the Ars Technica review |url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/reviews/2009/08/mac-os-x-10-6.ars/5 |page=5 |author=John Siracusa |website=Ars Technica |date=September 2009 |access-date=2009-09-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091009161632/http://arstechnica.com/apple/reviews/2009/08/mac-os-x-10-6.ars/5 |archive-date= 9 October 2009 |url-status= live}}</ref> Several [[Linux]] [[Linux distribution|distributions]] release with support for [[AMD64]]. [[FreeBSD]] releases with support for AMD64.
; 2005: On January 4, Microsoft discontinues Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, as no PCs with IA-64 processors had been available since the previous September, and announces that it is developing x86-64 versions of Windows to replace it.<ref name="XPIA64-nixed">{{cite web|title=Microsoft nixes Windows XP for Itanium|date=5 January 2005|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/98716/Microsoft_nixes_Windows_XP_for_Itanium?taxonomyId=125|author=Joris Evers|publisher=Computerworld|access-date=17 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618025711/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/98716/Microsoft_nixes_Windows_XP_for_Itanium?taxonomyId=125|archive-date=18 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On January 31, Sun releases [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris 10]] with support for AMD64 and EM64T processors. On April 29, Apple releases [[Mac OS X Tiger|Mac OS X 10.4]] "Tiger" which provides limited support for 64-bit command-line applications on machines with PowerPC 970 processors; later versions for Intel-based Macs supported 64-bit command-line applications on Macs with EM64T processors. On April 30, Microsoft releases [[Windows XP Professional x64 Edition]] and [[Windows Server 2003]] x64 Edition for AMD64 and EM64T processors.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://news.microsoft.com/2005/04/25/microsoft-raises-the-speed-limit-with-the-availability-of-64-bit-editions-of-windows-server-2003-and-windows-xp-professional/ |title=Microsoft Raises the Speed Limit with the Availability of 64-Bit Editions of Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional |publisher=Microsoft |date=April 25, 2005 |access-date=September 10, 2015}}</ref>
; 2006: Microsoft releases [[Windows Vista]], including a 64-bit version for AMD64/EM64T processors that retains 32-bit compatibility. In the 64-bit version, all Windows applications and components are 64-bit, although many also have their 32-bit versions included for compatibility with [[plug-in (computing)|plug-in]]s.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2007: Apple releases [[Mac OS X Leopard|Mac OS X 10.5]] "Leopard", which fully supports 64-bit applications on machines with PowerPC 970 or EM64T processors.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2009: Microsoft releases [[Windows 7]], which, like Windows Vista, includes a full 64-bit version for AMD64/Intel 64 processors; most new computers are loaded by default with a 64-bit version. Microsoft also releases [[Windows Server 2008 R2]], which is the first 64-bit only server operating system. Apple releases [[Mac OS X Snow Leopard|Mac OS X 10.6]], "Snow Leopard", which ships with a 64-bit kernel for AMD64/Intel64 processors, although only certain recent models of Apple computers will run the 64-bit kernel by default. Most applications bundled with Mac OS X 10.6 are now also 64-bit.<ref name="ars-macosx"/>
; 2011: Apple releases [[Mac OS X Lion|Mac OS X 10.7]], "Lion", which runs the 64-bit kernel by default on supported machines. Older machines that are unable to run the 64-bit kernel run the 32-bit kernel, but, as with earlier releases, can still run 64-bit applications; Lion does not support machines with 32-bit processors. Nearly all applications bundled with Mac OS X 10.7 are now also 64-bit, including iTunes.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2012: Microsoft releases [[Windows 8]] which supports UEFI Class 3 ([[UEFI]] without CSM) and [[Secure Boot]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=UEFI on Dell BizClient Platforms|url=https://uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/UEFI_on_Dell%20BizClient_Platforms.pdf}}</ref> Apple releases [[OS X Mountain Lion]], which makes the 64-bit kernel the default on some older previously unsupported machines and removes the 32-bit kernel.
; 2013: Apple releases [[iOS 7]], which, on machines with AArch64 processors, has a 64-bit kernel that supports 64-bit applications.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2014: Google releases [[Android Lollipop]], the first version of the [[Android (operating system)|Android]] operating system with support for 64-bit processors.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2017: Apple releases [[iOS 11]], supporting only machines with AArch64 processors. It has a 64-bit kernel that only supports 64-bit applications. 32-bit applications are no longer compatible.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2018: Apple releases [[watchOS 5]], the first watchOS version to bring the 64-bit support.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2019: Apple releases [[macOS Catalina|macOS 10.15]] "Catalina", dropping support for 32-bit Intel applications.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2021: Microsoft releases [[Windows 11]] on October 5, which only supports 64-bit systems, dropping support for IA-32 and AArch32 systems.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2022: Google releases the [[Pixel 7]], which drops support for 32-bit applications. Apple releases [[watchOS 9]], the first watchOS version to run exclusively on the Apple Watch models with 64-bit processors (including Apple Watch Series 4 or newer, [[Apple Watch|Apple Watch SE (1st generation)]] or newer and the newly introduced [[Apple Watch|Apple Watch Ultra]]), dropping support for [[Apple Watch|Apple Watch Series 3]] as the final Apple Watch model with 32-bit processor.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
; 2024: Microsoft releases [[Windows 11, version 24H2|Windows 11 2024 Update]], ARM versions of which drop support for 32-bit ARM applications.