Editing Access network (section)

==Optical distribution network==
A [[passive optical network|passive optical]] distribution network (PON) uses [[single-mode optical fiber]] in the [[outside plant]], [[beam splitter|optical splitter]]s and [[distribution frame|optical distribution frame]]s, duplexed so that both upstream and downstream signals share the same fiber on separate wavelengths. Faster PON standards generally support a higher split ratio of users per PON, but may also use reach extenders/amplifiers where extra coverage is needed. [[Optical splitter]]s creating a [[point to multipoint]] topology are also the same technology regardless of the type of PON system, making any PON network upgradable by changing the optical network terminals (ONT) and optical line terminal (OLT) terminals at each end, with minimal change to the physical network.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stronkowsky|first1=Kevin|url=http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/print/volume-23/issue-2/features/fiber-optics/enhancing-passive-optical-networks-with-structured-cabling.html|title=Enhancing passive optical networks with structured cabling|date=February 2, 2015 |publisher=fs.com|access-date=18 September 2017}}</ref>

Access networks usually also must support [[Point-to-point (telecommunications)|point-to-point]] technologies such as [[Ethernet]], which bypasses any [[outside plant]] splitter to achieve a dedicated link to the [[telephone exchange]]. Some PON networks use a "home run" topology where roadside cabinets only contain [[patch panel]]s so that all splitters are located centrally. While a 20% higher capital cost could be expected, home run networks may encourage a more competitive wholesale market since providers' equipment can achieve higher use.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.ftthcouncil.eu/resources/ftth-business-guide-2011--second-edition?media_id=1376 |publisher=FTTH Council Europe |title=FTTH Business Guide v2.1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009013615/http://www.ftthcouncil.eu/resources/ftth-business-guide-2011--second-edition?media_id=1376 |archive-date=2011-10-09}}</ref>