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Afar language
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===Consonants=== The consonants of the Afar language in the standard orthography are listed below in angle brackets (preceded by the IPA notation): {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" | ! [[Labial consonant|Labial]] ! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] ! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ! [[Velar consonant|Velar]] ! [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal]] ! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- ! rowspan="2" | [[Plosive]] ! <small>voiceless</small> | | {{IPAlink|t}} {{angbr|t}} | | | {{IPAlink|k}} {{angbr|k}} | | |- ! <small>voiced</small> | {{IPAlink|b}} {{angbr|b}} | {{IPAlink|d}} {{angbr|d}} | | | {{IPAlink|ɡ}} {{angbr|g}} | | |- ! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative]] ! <small>voiceless</small> | {{IPAlink|f}} {{angbr|f}} | {{IPAlink|s}} {{angbr|s}} | | | | {{IPAlink|ħ}} {{angbr|c}} | {{IPAlink|h}} {{angbr|h}} |- ! <small>voiced</small> | | | | | | {{IPAlink|ʕ}} {{angbr|q}} | |- ! colspan="2" | [[Nasal stop|Nasal]] | {{IPAlink|m}} {{angbr|m}} | {{IPAlink|n}} {{angbr|n}} | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" | [[Approximant]] | {{IPAlink|w}} {{angbr|w}} | {{IPAlink|l}} {{angbr|l}} | | {{IPAlink|j}} {{angbr|y}} | | | |- ! colspan="2" | [[Tap consonant|Tap]] | | {{IPAlink|ɾ}} {{angbr|r}} | {{IPAlink|ɽ}} {{angbr|x}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hamann|first1=Silke|last2=Fuchs|first2=Susanne|date=June 2010|orig-year=2008|title=How do voiced retroflex stops evolve? Evidence from typology and an articulatory study.|journal=Language and Speech|volume=53|issue=2|pages=181–216|doi=10.1177/0023830909357159|pmid=20583729|s2cid=23502367}}</ref> | | | | |} Voiceless stop consonants which close syllables are released, e.g., {{IPA|[ʌkʰˈme]}}.
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