Editing Aid effectiveness (section)

==== Early 1970s – mid-1990s: The rise of neoliberalism ====
The end of the [[Post–World War II economic expansion|post-war boom]] – marked particularly by the [[1973 oil crisis|oil crisis of 1973]] – was a watershed in attitudes to aid effectiveness, as it forced a reappraisal of the existing models.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Riddell|first=Roger|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15630613|title=Foreign aid reconsidered|date=1987|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=0-8018-3546-1|location=Baltimore|pages=92–95|oclc=15630613}}</ref>

In the 1980s and 1990s NGOs played a greater part in international aid.<ref>Lewis D. (2010) [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5b42/5f2c896991e5ab7fce43ccd1fb9b9c1bf439.pdf "Nongovernmental Organizations, Definition and History"] {{small|(PDF)}}. In: Anheier H.K., Toepler S. (eds) ''International Encyclopedia of Civil Society''. Springer, New York, NY.</ref>

After the end of the Cold War, the declared focus of official aid began to move further towards the alleviation of poverty and the promotion of development. The countries that were in the most need and poverty became more of a priority. Once the Cold War ended, Western donors were able to enforce aid conditionality better because they no longer had geopolitical interests in recipient countries. This allowed donors to condition aid on the basis that recipient governments make economic changes as well as democratic changes.<ref>Dunning, Thad. "Conditioning the Effects of Aid: Cold War Politics, Donor Credibility, and Democracy in Africa." International Organization 58.02 (2004)</ref> It is against this background that the international aid effectiveness movement began taking shape in the late 1990s as donor governments and aid agencies began working together to improve effectiveness.