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Albert Einstein
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=== First scientific papers (1900–1905)=== [[File:Einstein thesis.png|thumb|upright|alt=Cover image of the PhD dissertation of Albert Einstein|Einstein's 1905 dissertation, {{shy|''Eine neue Be|stimm|ung der Mol|e|kül|di|men|si|onen'' ("A new deter|mi|na|tion of mo|lec|u|lar di|men|sions")}}]] Einstein's first paper, [[List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein#Journal articles|"Folgerungen aus den Capillaritätserscheinungen"]] ("Conclusions drawn from the phenomena of capillarity"), in which he proposed a model of intermolecular attraction that he afterwards disavowed as worthless, was published in the journal ''[[Annalen der Physik]]'' in 1901.<ref>Einstein (1901).</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Murrell | first1 = J. N. | last2 = Grobert | first2 = N. | date = January 2002 | doi = 10.1098/rsnr.2002.0169 | issue = 1 | journal = Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London | jstor = 532124 | pages = 89–94 | title = The centenary of Einstein's first scientific paper | volume = 56}}</ref> His 24-page doctoral dissertation also addressed a topic in molecular physics. Titled "Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen" ("A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions") and dedicated "Meinem Freunde Herr Dr. Marcel Grossmann gewidmet" (to his friend Marcel Grossman), it was completed on 30 April 1905<ref name=1905b>Einstein (1905b).</ref> and approved by Professor [[Alfred Kleiner]] of the University of Zurich three months later. (Einstein was formally awarded his PhD on 15 January 1906.)<ref name=1905b/><ref>Einstein (1926b). ''A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions''.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehra |first=Jagdish |url={{GBurl|id=o1XVCgAAQBAJ}} |title=Golden Age Of Theoretical Physics, The (Boxed Set Of 2 Vols) |date=28 February 2001 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-4492-85-0 |language=en}}</ref> Four other pieces of work that Einstein completed in 1905—[[Annus mirabilis papers|his famous papers]] on the [[photoelectric effect]], [[Brownian motion]], his [[special theory of relativity]] and the [[equivalence of mass and energy]]—have led to the year being celebrated as an ''annus mirabilis'' for physics akin to 1666 (the year in which [[Isaac Newton]] experienced his greatest epiphanies). The publications deeply impressed Einstein's contemporaries.<ref>{{cite book |last1=May |first1=Andrew |editor1-last=Clegg |editor1-first=Brian |title=Albert Einstein, in 30-Second Physics: The 50 most fundamental concepts in physics, each explained in half a minute |date=2017 |publisher=Ivy Press |location=London |isbn=978-1-78240-514-6 |pages=108–109}}</ref>
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