Editing Anglo American plc (section)

==Operations==
Anglo American focuses on natural resources with six core businesses: Kumba Iron Ore, Iron Ore Brazil, coal (thermal and metallurgical), base metals (copper, nickel, niobium and phosphates), platinum, and diamonds, through [[De Beers]], in which it owns an 85% share.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.angloamerican.com/about-us/at-a-glance |title=At a glance |website=Anglo American plc |access-date=3 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816090712/http://www.angloamerican.com/about-us/at-a-glance |archive-date=16 August 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mining.com/anglo-american-completes-acquisition-of-de-beers-75382/ |title=Anglo American completes acquisition of De Beers |date=17 August 2012 |work=[[Mining.com]] |access-date=3 August 2015}}</ref> In 2008, the company had 105,000 permanent employees and 39,000 contract employees in its managed operations across 45 countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.angloamerican.com/~/media/Files/A/Anglo-American-Group/PLC/investors/annual-reporting/2009/rts-08-final.pdf |title=Making a difference - Report to Society 2008 |website=Anglo American plc |access-date=1 June 2009}}</ref>

In 2008, Anglo American (excluding De Beers) spent $212&nbsp;million on exploring 21 countries for resources including copper, nickel, niobium phosphates and zinc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ar08.angloamerican.solutions.investis.com/ofr/resources/exploration.html |title=Annual Report 2008 - Exploration |website=Anglo American plc |access-date=1 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007150644/http://ar08.angloamerican.solutions.investis.com/ofr/resources/exploration.html |archive-date=7 October 2011}}</ref> The two main types of exploration for the company are [[Greenfield land|greenfield]] and [[brownfield]], with nearly 70% devoted to greenfield projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.angloamerican.co.uk/aa/business/whatwedo/exploration/ |title=What we do - Exploration |website=Anglo American plc |access-date=1 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924174352/http://www.angloamerican.co.uk/aa/business/whatwedo/exploration/ |archive-date=24 September 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Anglo American, along with De Beers, backed the manufacturing of a [[superconducting quantum interference device]] (SQUID) to help improve the sensitivity of exploration surveys.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/179269460.html |title=High definition exploration brings better prospects |date=October 2007 |first=Kyran |last=Casteel |work=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]] |access-date=1 June 2009}}</ref> Anglo American established Boart Products South Africa Limited in 1936 (later named Boart International) to turn the company's stockpile of [[Bort|boart]], or low-grade natural diamonds, into drilling products.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adventinternational.com/news/pressreleases/Pages/pressRelease_20050607.aspx |title=Advent to acquire Boart Longyear from Anglo American |date=7 June 2005 |website=[[Advent International]] |access-date=1 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707085535/http://www.adventinternational.com/news/pressreleases/Pages/pressRelease_20050607.aspx |archive-date=7 July 2011}}</ref> This initiative resulted in the development of the first mechanically set diamond drill bit and later led to additional research into cutting and abrasive tools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Boart-Longyear-Company-Company-History.html |title=History of Boart Longyear Company |website=Funding Universe |access-date=1 June 2009}}</ref>

In December 2010, following delays and high costs, Anglo American gained a key licence from the Brazilian government that would allow work to start on the [[Minas-Rio]] iron ore project.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE6B907J20101210 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213155835/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE6B907J20101210 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 December 2010 |title=Anglo to start building Brazil mine, gets licence |date=12 December 2010 |first=Eric |last=Onstad |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=12 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mining-journal.com/production-and-markets/anglo-secures-key-environmental-permit-for-minas-rio |title=Anglo secures key environmental permit for Minas-Rio |date=12 December 2010 |work=Mining Journal |access-date=12 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214171808/http://www.mining-journal.com/production-and-markets/anglo-secures-key-environmental-permit-for-minas-rio |archive-date=14 December 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Production is initially expected to be 26.5 million tonnes per year; iron ore would be sent through a 525&nbsp;km [[slurry pipeline]] to the [[Superporto do Açu|Port of Açu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bnamericas.com/project-profile/en/Minas-Rio-Minas-Rio |title=Minas-Río |date=12 December 2010 |website=BNAmericas |access-date=12 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203090248/http://www.bnamericas.com/project-profile/en/Minas-Rio-Minas-Rio |archive-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of October 2014, Minas-Rio is operational and shipping ore.<ref name="Bloomberg"/>  
   
In July 2018, Anglo American announced that it would spend $5.3 billion on developing the [[Quellaveco mine|Quellaveco copper mine]] in [[Peru]], which the company acquired in 1992, with the Japanese conglomerate [[Mitsubishi]] funding 40% of the total cost.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mining-technology.com/news/anglo-american-build-5-3bn-copper-mine-peru/ |title=Anglo American to build $5.3bn copper mine in Peru |date=27 July 2018 |first=JP |last=Casey |work=Mining Technology |access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref> As part of the project, Anglo American also committed 650 million [[Peruvian sol|soles]] ($195 million) towards local community developments projects in [[Department of Moquegua|Moquegua]], where the Quellaveco mine is located.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-peru-anglo-american/anglo-american-agrees-to-earlier-community-payout-in-peru-after-protests-idUSKCN1VB2FE |title=Anglo American agrees to earlier community payout in Peru after protests |date=21 August 2019 |first=Mitra |last=Taj |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref>