Editing Apgar score (section)

== History ==
Apgar originally developed the criteria as a way to address the lack of a standardized way to assess the need for assistive breathing procedures for newborns. In 1952, after some refinement of her initial system, Apgar presented the Apgar score at a joint meeting between the [[International Anesthesia Research Society]] and the International College of Anesthetists, and it was then published in ''[[Anesthesia & Analgesia]]'' in 1953.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="pmid25899272">{{cite journal| author=Apgar V| title=A Proposal for a New Method of Evaluation of the Newborn Infant. Originally published in July 1953, volume 32, pages 250-259. | journal=Anesth Analg | year= 2015 | volume= 120 | issue= 5 | pages= 1056–1059 | pmid=25899272 | doi=10.1213/ANE.0b013e31829bdc5c | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25899272  }} </ref>

In 1955, efforts to establish a scientific basis to the score increased. Alongside Duncan Holaday and Stanley James,<ref name=":3" /> Apgar published a research paper using the scores of 15,348 infants to establish the association between a low Apgar score (0-2) and laboratory findings characteristics of asphyxia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Apgar|first=Virginia|title=Evaluation of the Newborn Infant-Second Report|date=1958-12-13|url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.1958.03000150027007|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|language=en|volume=168|issue=15|pages=1985–1988|doi=10.1001/jama.1958.03000150027007|pmid=13598635|issn=0002-9955|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

The Apgar score is no longer used as a way to determine the need for newborn resuscitation because supportive measures must be implemented prior to 1 minute after birth, the first time-point at which the Apgar score is determined.<ref name=":0" /> However, the Apgar score is a method of assessment endorsed by the [[American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists|American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist]] and the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]].<ref name=":5"/>