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===Literary criticism=== {{Main|Archetypal literary criticism}} Archetypal literary criticism argues that archetypes determine the form and function of literary works and that a [[text (literary theory)|text]]'s meaning is shaped by [[culture|cultural]] and [[psychology|psychological]] myths. Cultural archetypes are the unknowable basic forms personified or made concrete by recurring [[image]]s, [[symbol]]s, or [[pattern]]s (which may include motifs such as the "[[quest]]" or the "[[Entering heaven alive|heavenly ascent]]"; recognizable character types such as the "[[trickster]]", "[[saint]]", "[[martyr]]" or the "[[hero]]"; symbols such as the apple or the snake; and imagery) and that have all been laden with meaning prior to their inclusion in any particular work.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} The archetypes reveal shared roles universal among societies, such as the role of the mother in her natural relations with all members of the family. These archetypes create a shared imagery which is defined by many stereotypes that have not separated themselves from the traditional, biological, religious, and mythical framework.<ref> Sbaihat, Ahlam. 2012. "La imagen de la madre en el refranero español y jordano. Estudio de Paremiología comparada." ''España: Sociedad Española de Estudios Literarios de Cultura Popular'', Oceanide 5. </ref>
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