Editing Architecture of England (section)

===Norman architecture===
{{Main|Norman architecture}}
[[File:Norwich Castle keep, 2009.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Norwich Castle]]: round arches are characteristic of the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style]]
In the 11th century the Normans were among Europe's leading exponents of [[Romanesque architecture]], a style which had begun to influence English church building before 1066, but became the predominant mode in England with the huge wave of construction that followed the [[Norman Conquest]].<ref name=Pragnall>{{Cite book |title=Styles of English Architecture |last=Pragnall |first=Hubert |publisher=Batsford |location=Frome |year=1984 |isbn=0-7134-3768-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/stylesofenglisha00prag }}</ref> The Normans destroyed a large proportion of England's churches and built Romanesque replacements, a process which encompassed all of England's cathedrals. Most of the latter were later partially or wholly rebuilt in [[Gothic architecture|Gothic style]], and although many still preserve substantial Romanesque portions, only [[Durham Cathedral]] remains a predominantly Romanesque structure (along with [[St Alban's cathedral|St Alban's]] and [[Southwell cathedral|Southwell]], abbey churches in the medieval period). Even Durham displays significant transitional features leading towards the emergence of Gothic.<ref name=ServiceAngloCh6>{{Cite book |title=Anglo-Saxon and Norman : A guide and Gazetteer |series=The Buildings of Britain |year=1982 |chapter=6 |last=Service |first=Alastair |isbn=0-09-150130-X}}</ref> Romanesque churches are characterised by rounded arches, [[arcade (architecture)|arcade]]s supported by massive cylindrical [[pier (architecture)|piers]], [[groin vault]]s and low-relief sculptural decoration. Distinctively Norman features include decorative chevron patterns.

In the wake of the invasion [[William I of England|William I]] and his lords built numerous wooden [[motte-and-bailey]] [[castle]]s to impose their control on the native population. Many were subsequently rebuilt in stone, beginning with the [[Tower of London]].
There are also a very small number of domestic Norman buildings still standing, for example [[Jew's House]], Lincoln; [[manor houses]] at [[Saltford]] and [[Boothby Pagnall]]; and fortified manor houses such as [[Oakham Castle]].<ref name="ServiceAngloCh4">{{Cite book |title=Anglo-Saxon and Norman : A guide and Gazetteer |series=The Buildings of Britain |year=1982 |chapter=4 |last=Service |first=Alastair |isbn=0-09-150130-X}}</ref>
[[File:Gloucester Cathedral 11.jpg|left|thumb|[[Perpendicular Gothic]] [[lady chapel]] of [[Gloucester Cathedral]]]]