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Architecture of Mesopotamia
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=== Construction === Simple houses could be constructed out of bundles of reeds which would be tied together, and then inserted into the ground. More complex houses were constructed on stone [[Foundation (engineering)|foundations]], with the house being made out of mudbrick.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hunter|first=Nick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXyoDwAAQBAJ&q=Houses+in+Ancient+Sumeria&pg=PA32|title=Daily Life in Ancient Sumer|date=10 September 2015|publisher=Raintree|isbn=978-1-4062-9864-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mark|first=Joushua J|date=14 March 2018|title=Mesopotamia|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mesopotamia/|website=[[World History Encyclopedia]]}}</ref> Wood, ashlar blocks, and rubble were also popular materials used to make houses.<ref name="Gates-2011" /> The mudbrick was made from clay and chopped straw. This mixture was packed into molds and then left in the sun to dry. They used [[Earthen plaster|mud plaster]] for the walls, and mud and poplar for the roof. In the Ubaid period houses would be [[fire clay]] pressed into the walls. Walls would also have artwork painted on them. Roofs could also be made planks of palm tree wood which would be covered in reeds. The top of the roof would be connected to the house through brick or wood stairs. Baked bricks were very expensive, and thus they were only used to make luxurious buildings. Doors and door frames were made from wood.<ref name="Nemet-Nejat-1998">{{Cite book|last=Nemet-Nejat|first=Karen Rhea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbmXsaTGNKUC&q=Furniture+in+Ancient+Sumer&pg=PA124|title=Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia|date=1998|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-29497-6|language=en}}</ref> Sometimes Doors were made from ox-hide. Doors between houses were often so low, that people needed to crouch to walk though them. Houses would usually have no windows, if they did it would be made of clay or wooden grilles. Floors would usually be made of dirt. Mesopotamian houses would often crumble. Houses needed to be repaired often.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Black|first=Jeremy A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1W2mTtGVV4C&q=Houses+in+Ancient+Sumeria&pg=PR42|title=The Literature of Ancient Sumer|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-929633-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Stone|first=Elizabeth C|title=Nippur Neighborhoods.|publisher=[[University of Chicago]]|year=1987|isbn=0-918986-50-8}}</ref>
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