Editing Arctic grayling (section)

==Conservation==
Arctic grayling are considered a secure species throughout their range.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchSciOrCommonName=Thymallus%20arcticus |title=''Thymallus arcticus''|publisher=Natureserve Explorer |access-date=2014-02-28}}</ref> Although some populations at the southern extent of its native range have been extirpated,<ref>{{cite news |last1=House |first1=Kelly |title=Gone nearly a century, Michigan anglers can again catch Arctic grayling {{!}} Bridge Michigan |url=https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-environment-watch/gone-nearly-century-michigan-anglers-can-again-catch-arctic-grayling |access-date=19 November 2023 |work=www.bridgemi.com |date=October 12, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> it remains widespread elsewhere and is not listed on the [[IUCN Red List]] of threatened species.

The fluvial [[Montana Arctic grayling|population in the upper Missouri river basin]] once merited a high priority for listing under the [[Endangered Species Act]] (ESA) by the [[US Fish & Wildlife Service]] (FWS). This unique southernmost population is now extirpated from all areas of the basin with the exception of the [[Big Hole River]] watershed. In preparation for an ESA listing, the US FWS began implementing a "Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances" (CCAA). This agreement protects cooperating landowners from being prosecuted under the ESA "takings" clause so long as they fulfill specific obligations, spelled out in a contractual arrangement and intended to restore the dwindling population.<!--- The CCAA, however, is now in doubt. On 25 April 2007, the FWS removed Big Hole River grayling from ESA candidacy based on arguments that (1) the rarer fluvial populations should not have been "lumped together" with the more common lake-dwelling populations and (2) the Montana grayling populations are insignificant and their loss would be inconsequential given the presence of thriving populations in Alaska.<ref>[http://www.fisheries.org/units/genetics/hot_topics/montana.shtml Montana Grayling Genetics].</ref>

On 8 September 2010 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced a revised 12-month finding on the petition to list the upper Missouri River Distinct Population Segment (Missouri River DPS) of Arctic grayling \ as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act finding that listing was warranted but precluded in the current fiscal year by higher priority listings. The Service has added the species to the candidate species list and will work on developing a proposed rule for listing as priorities allow.<ref>[http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2010/2010-22038.htm Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants, revised 12-month finding to list upper Missouri River Distinct Population Segment of Arctic grayling as endangered or threatened: Notice of revised 12-month finding, published Sept. 8, 2010, finding made Sept. 8, 2010]</ref> --> Finally, in 2014 the FWS determined not to list the grayling under ESA, due to the effectiveness of the CCAA.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/fish/grayling/grayling.htm |title=arctic grayling web |website=www.fws.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816063200/http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/fish/grayling/grayling.htm |archive-date=2007-08-16}}</ref>

In 2025, efforts to reintroduce Arctic grayling to [[Michigan]] streams began, with 400,000 eggs planted in coldwater streams as part of a collaborative restoration initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lofton |first=Justine |date=2025-01-24 |title=400,000 Arctic grayling eggs to be planted in Michigan waters 89 years after local extinction |url=https://www.mlive.com/news/2025/01/400000-arctic-grayling-eggs-to-be-planted-in-michigan-waters-89-years-after-local-extinction.html |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=mlive |language=en}}</ref>

The Arctic grayling is economically important; it is a "key subsistence species"<ref name="northslope_2009"/>{{rp|43}} for the [[Iñupiat]] people of the [[Alaska North Slope]], it is raised commercially for [[Seafood|food]] and it is one of the most important species for [[Sport fishing]]  in Alaska.<ref name="northslope_2009">{{cite web |url=http://www.north-slope.org/assets/images/uploads/Field_Guide_to_NS_Fishes_2009_George,_Moulton,_Johnson.pdf |title=A Field Guide to the Common Fishes of the North Slope of Alaska |agency=North Slope Borough, Department of Wildlife Management |location=Barrow, Alaska, USA |year=2009 |access-date=November 11, 2017 |pages=98 |first1=Craig |last1=George |first2=Larry |last2=Moulton |first3=Michele |last3=Johnson |archive-date=November 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112162456/http://www.north-slope.org/assets/images/uploads/Field_Guide_to_NS_Fishes_2009_George,_Moulton,_Johnson.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{rp|47}}