Editing Arctocephalus forsteri (section)

===Communication===
Males vocalise through a bark or whimper, either a guttural threat, a low-intensity threat, a full threat, or a submissive call. Females growl and also have a high-pitched pup attraction wail call.<ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021" /> Pup-attraction calls allow communication from longer distances. Once together, females use [[olfactory]] recognition to confirm the pup as their own.<ref name="Ian Stirling">Ian Stirling; Observations on the Behavior of the New Zealand Fur Seal (''Arctocephalus Forsteri''), ''Journal of Mammalogy'', Volume 51, Issue 4, 30 November 1970, Pages 766–778, {{doi|10.2307/1378300}}</ref> In males, the full neck display is a non-combative posture that functions as a threat to surrounding males by which they are able to assess each other's dominance status.<ref name="Ian Stirling" />