Editing Array processing (section)

==== Beamforming technique ====
The first method used to specify and automatically localize the signal sources using antenna arrays was the beamforming technique. The idea behind beamforming is very simple: steer the array in one direction at a time and measure the output power. The steering locations where we have the maximum power yield the DOA estimates. The array response is steered by forming a linear combination of the sensor outputs.<ref name="ref2"/><ref name="ref6"/><ref name="ref5"/><br>
''' ''Approach overview'' '''<br>
<math>\textstyle 1.\ R_{x}= \frac{1}{M}\sum_{t=1}^M \mathbf{x}(t) \mathbf{x}^{*}(t)</math><br>
<math>\textstyle 2.\ Calculate\ B(W_{i})=F^{*}R_{x}F(W_{i})</math><br>
<math>\textstyle 3.\ Find\ Peaks\ of\ B(W_{i})\ for\ all\ possible\ w_{i}'s.</math><br>
<math>\textstyle 4.\ Calculate\ \theta_{k},\ i=1, .... q.</math><br>
<br>
Where '''Rx''' is the sample [[covariance matrix]]. Different beamforming approaches correspond to different choices of the weighting vector '''F'''. The advantages of using beamforming technique are the simplicity, easy to use and understand. While the disadvantage of using this technique is the low resolution.