Editing BAE Systems Hawk (section)

==Operational history==

===United Kingdom===
[[File:British Aerospace Hawk T1A, UK - Air Force AN1517250.jpg|thumb|Hawk T.1A of [[No. 234 Squadron RAF|234 Squadron]], armed with a pair of [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles and a 30mm [[gun pod]]]]

The Hawk entered RAF service in April 1976, replacing the [[Folland Gnat]] and [[Hawker Hunter]] for advanced training and weapons training. The ''Hawk T1'' was the original version used by the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]], deliveries commencing in November 1976. The most famous users of the Hawk are the [[Red Arrows]] aerobatic team, who adopted the plane in 1979.<ref>[http://www.raf.mod.uk/reds/behindthescenes/teamhistory.cfm "RAF Red Arrows – Team History."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405230743/http://www.raf.mod.uk/reds/behindthescenes/teamhistory.cfm |date=5 April 2011 }} ''Royal Air Force'', Retrieved: 25 August 2012.</ref>

From 1983 to 1986, some Hawks were equipped as short-range [[interceptor aircraft]]. 88 T1s were modified to carry two [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9L Sidewinder]] air-to-air missiles in addition to a 30&nbsp;mm ADEN cannon [[gun pod]]; these aircraft were redesignated as ''Hawk T1A''.<ref name="Polmar Bell 388"/> In a wartime scenario, they would have worked in collaboration with the RAF's [[Panavia Tornado ADV|Tornado F3]] interceptors, which would use their [[AI.24 Foxhunter|Foxhunter]] search [[radar]]s and more sophisticated navigation systems to vector the Hawks against enemy targets.<ref>''Jane's Defence Weekly'', 1986. pp. 395–400.</ref>
[[File:Hawk.t1a.xx159.arp.jpg|thumb|left|RAF Hawk T1A, marking the 85th anniversary of No. 4 Flying Training School]]

The Hawk subsequently replaced the [[English Electric Canberra]] for [[target tug|target towing]] duties. The [[Royal Navy]] acquired a dozen Hawk T1/1As from the RAF; these are typically operated in a support role, often to conduct simulated combat training on board ships.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8034466.stm "Inside a Navy Hawk fighter jet."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509233940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8034466.stm |date=9 May 2009 }} ''BBC News'', 6 May 2009.</ref>

During the 1990s and 2000s, 80 Hawk T1/1A aircraft were upgraded under the Fuselage Replacement Programme (FRP) to extend their operational lifespan; sections of the centre and rear fuselage sections were entirely replaced.<ref>Gething, Michael J. "RAF Hawk FRP Moves Onwards." ''Jane's Defence Upgrades'', 1 April 2003.</ref> In 2009, the RAF began receiving the first Hawk T2, in the long term, T2 aircraft will replace the ageing T1s.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=RAF accepts first Hawk T2s but others head for storage |magazine=[[Flight International]] |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/02/26/323076/raf-accepts-first-hawk-t2s-but-others-head-for-storage.html |date=26 February 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216080402/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/02/26/323076/raf-accepts-first-hawk-t2s-but-others-head-for-storage.html |archive-date=16 December 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> Training operations on the Hawk T2 began in April 2012.<ref>Hoyle, Craig. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/uk-ready-to-launch-hawk-t2-training-says-raf-369554/ "UK ready to launch Hawk T2 training, says RAF."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613174044/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/uk-ready-to-launch-hawk-t2-training-says-raf-369554/ |date=13 June 2012 }} ''Flight International'', 15 March 2012.</ref>

In August 2011, a [[Red Arrows]] pilot was killed when his Hawk T1 crashed following a display at the Bournemouth Air Festival; the inquest found "G-force impairment" may have caused the pilot to lose control.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-14608073 |title=Tributes paid to Red Arrows crash pilot Jon Egging |access-date=22 August 2011 |work=BBC Online |date=21 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018060525/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-14608073 |archive-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>  The Hawk T1 fleet was grounded as a precautionary measure and returned to flight status a few days later.<ref>[http://www.defencemanagement.com/news_story.asp?id=17273 "RAF Hawk jets cleared to fly again."] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130121154908/http://www.defencemanagement.com/news_story.asp?id=17273 |date=21 January 2013 }} ''Defence Management'', 26 August 2011.</ref> 
[[File:Red.arrows.single.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team "[[Red Arrows]]" Hawk T1]]

In November 2011, the Red Arrows suffered another pilot fatality when the [[Martin-Baker Mk.10]] ejection seat fitted to the Hawk T1 activated while the aircraft was stationary; the veteran combat pilot died on ground impact when the ejector seat parachute also failed to deploy.<ref name="BBCNRA1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-15835411 |title=BBC News Lincolnshire, Inquest hears Red Arrows pilot died from fall injuries |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018060525/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-15835411 |archive-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=live |work=BBC News |date=22 November 2011 }}</ref> This resulted in the UK Ministry of Defence implementing a ban on non-essential flying in aircraft fitted with ejector seats similar to those fitted in the Hawk T1 after the death.<ref name="BBCNRA1" /> The ban was lifted for Tornado attack jets but remained on Hawk T1, Hawk T2 and Tucano flights while the RAF reviewed evidence on those aircraft.<ref name="BBCNRA1" />

In October 2017, the RAF and Royal Navy operated 75 Hawk T1 and 28 Hawk T2. According to the Ministry of Defence, the planned out-of-service date for the Hawk T1 was 2030, with the aircraft selected to meet the requirements of the [[Air Support to Defence Operational Training]] (ASDOT) programme beginning to replace the Hawk from 2027.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/Commons/2017-10-16/107748|title=Hawk Aircraft:Written question – 107748|date=23 October 2017|website=UK Parliament|language=en|access-date=26 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027025522/http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/Commons/2017-10-16/107748|archive-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> However, in July 2021, it was announced that all UK military units operating the Hawk T1 aircraft, apart from the Red Arrows, would see their airframes retired by 31 March 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sedgwick |first1=Philip |title=RAF workhorse Hawk T1s to go into early retirement |url=https://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/news/19449244.raf-workhorse-hawk-t1s-go-early-retirement/ |access-date=23 July 2021 |work=Darlington and Stockton Times |date=17 July 2021}}</ref>

===Canada===
In Canada, the Hawk – designated as the CT-155 Hawk – was used to train pilots for front-line fighter aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/en/aircraft-current/ct-155.page |title=CT-155 Hawk |date=10 April 2013 |publisher=Canadian Armed Forces |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> The aircraft was operated under the [[NATO Flying Training in Canada]] (NFTC) program, which was provided by the Military Aviation Training division of [[Bombardier Aerospace]] but transferred to [[CAE Inc.|CAE]] by acquisition in 2015.<ref name=skies1>{{cite web |url=https://skiesmag.com/news/cae-plans-upgrades-nftc-jet-training-fleets/ |title=CAE plans upgrades to NFTC and jet training fleets |publisher=Skies Magazine |first=Chris |last=Thatcher |date=19 January 2017 |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> NFTC operated 17 CT-155s from [[CFB Moose Jaw]].<ref name=janes1/> It was responsible also for "the multinational fighter lead-in training program" at [[419 Tactical Fighter Training Squadron]] in [[CFB Cold Lake]].<ref name=janes1/>

All CT-155 were retired in March 2024 without a replacement.<ref name=janes1>{{cite web | url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/industry-headlines/latest/royal-canadian-air-force-retires-bae-systems-ct-155-hawks | title=Royal Canadian Air Force retires BAE Systems CT-155 Hawks |date=25 March 2024 |first=Zach |last=Rosenberg}}</ref>

===Finland===
[[File:HW-355 (16259383024).jpg|thumb|Finnish Hawk in flight, 2011]]
In January 1978, Britain and Finland announced a deal in which the [[Finnish Air Force]] was to receive 50 Hawk Mk. 51s in 1980;<ref>[https://archive.today/20130201205403/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/csmonitor_historic/access/184625572.html?dids=184625572:184625572&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jan+06,+1978&author=By+Alexander+MacLeod+Special+to+The+Christian+Science+Monitor&pub=Christian+Science+Monitor&desc=Britain-Finland+barter+deal&pqatl=google "Britain-Finland barter deal."] ''The Christian Science Monitor'', 6 January 1978.</ref> these aircraft were built in Finland under licence by [[Valtion lentokonetehdas|Valmet]]. The [[Finnish Air Force]] was limited to 60 first-line fighter aircraft by the [[Paris Peace Treaties, 1947|Paris Peace Treaty of 1947]]; by acquiring Hawks, which counted as trainers rather than fighters, capacity could be increased while continuing treaty compliance. These conditions were nullified during the 1990s by the break-up of the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite web |first=Gerald |last=O'Dwyer |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%203094.html |title=Finland looks at German MiG-29s |work=Flight International |date=16 October 1990 |access-date=17 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015114944/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%203094.html |archive-date=15 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Seven additional Mk. 51As were delivered in 1993–94 to make up for losses. In June 2007, Finland arranged to purchase 18 used Hawk Mk. 66s from the [[Swiss Air Force]] for 41 million euros; they were delivered in 2009–2010.<ref name="defense-aerospace.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.defense-aerospace.com/cgi-bin/client/modele.pl?prod=84032&session=dae.27300646.1183263705.DNxp638AAAEAAHy0BI0AAAAL&modele=release |title=Finland Purchases 18 Jet Trainers (Mk. 66) from Switzerland |publisher=Defense-aerospace.com |access-date=17 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717061051/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/cgi-bin/client/modele.pl?prod=84032&session=dae.27300646.1183263705.DNxp638AAAEAAHy0BI0AAAAL&modele=release |archive-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Finnish Hawks have reportedly been armed with Soviet [[Molniya R-60]]/AA-8<ref name="sci.fi">{{cite web|url=http://www.sci.fi/~fta/lassi-hw.htm |title=Missile armed Hawk BAe Hawk with R-60 |publisher=Sci.fi |access-date=17 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926235116/http://www.sci.fi/~fta/lassi-hw.htm |archive-date=26 September 2011  }}</ref><ref>[http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/vasen/id63652.html "Suomi hankkii lisää Hawk-hävittäjiä".] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130213123851/http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/vasen/id63652.html |date=13 February 2013 }} Finnish Broadcasting Agency (YLE), 28 June 2007. Retrieved on 28 June 2007. {{in lang|fi}}</ref> as well as with AIM-9J and AIM-9M air-to-air missiles,<ref>[http://ilmavoimat.fi/artikkeli/-/asset_publisher/yhteistoimintakierroksia-yhdysvaltain-kansalliskaartin-kanssa-elokuussa "Yhteistoimintakierroksia Yhdysvaltain kansalliskaartin kanssa elokuussa".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805144118/http://ilmavoimat.fi/artikkeli/-/asset_publisher/yhteistoimintakierroksia-yhdysvaltain-kansalliskaartin-kanssa-elokuussa |date=5 August 2017 }} Finnish Air Force, 2 August 2017. Retrieved on 5 August 2017. {{in lang|fi}}</ref> [[Matra]] Type 155 [[SNEB]] rocket pods, unspecified British [[general-purpose bomb]]s of multiple types, [[Valtion kivääritehdas|VKT]] 12.7&nbsp;mm machine gun pods and [[Royal Small Arms Factory]] 30&nbsp;mm [[ADEN cannon|ADEN]] autocannon pods.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ylilauta.org/sota/88222599 |title=Kylmä Sota ja 90-luku |language=fi |date=7 May 2019 |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507184940/https://ylilauta.org/sota/88222599 |archive-date=7 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Finnish Air Force aerobatics team, the [[Midnight Hawks]], also uses the aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.midnighthawks.fi/sivu/fi/ |title=Midnight Hawks home page |language=fi |publisher=Midnighthawks.fi |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=17 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206174407/http://www.midnighthawks.fi/sivu/fi/ |archive-date=6 February 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Due to rising levels of metal fatigue, a major structural reinforcement program was carried out to extend the operational life of Finland's Hawks during the 1990s.<ref name="35 years"/> Due to lifespan limitations, 41 out of 67 in Finland's total Hawk fleet were taken out of service between 2012 and 2016; the remaining aircraft are younger and thus are expected to be flying into the 2030s.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/paris-air-show-finnish-air-force-chief-accepts-first-upgraded-hawk-jet-trainer-328246/ "PARIS AIR SHOW: Finnish air force chief accepts first upgraded Hawk jet trainer."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731175923/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/paris-air-show-finnish-air-force-chief-accepts-first-upgraded-hawk-jet-trainer-328246/ |date=31 July 2013 }} ''Flight Global'', 16 June 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Finnish+Air+Force+decommissioning+41+Hawk+trainer+jets/1135261437553 "Finnish Air Force decommissioning 41 Hawk trainer jets."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110080703/http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Finnish+Air+Force+decommissioning+41+Hawk+trainer+jets/1135261437553 |date=10 November 2010 }} ''Helsingin Sanomat'', 5 November 2010.</ref> In 2011, Finnish Mk. 51s and Mk. 66s underwent a series of upgrades performed by [[Patria (company)|Patria]], these included the adoption of a new ''Cockpit 4000'' [[glass cockpit]], new software, and other life-extending modifications.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defpro.com/news/details/8067/ |title=Defence Professionals: ''Patria delivers first upgraded Hawk jet trainer to the Finnish Air Force '' |publisher=Defpro.com |access-date=17 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717061817/http://www.defpro.com/news/details/8067/ |archive-date=17 July 2011  }}</ref><ref>Pugliese, David. [http://blogs.ottawacitizen.com/2012/07/13/esterline-cmc-electronics-completes-upgraded-glass-cockpit-deliveries-for-finnish-air-force-fleet-of-hawk-jet-trainers/ "Esterline CMC Electronics Completes Upgraded Glass Cockpit Deliveries for Finnish Air Force Fleet of Hawk Jet Trainers."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718125329/http://blogs.ottawacitizen.com/2012/07/13/esterline-cmc-electronics-completes-upgraded-glass-cockpit-deliveries-for-finnish-air-force-fleet-of-hawk-jet-trainers/ |date=18 July 2012 }} ''Ottawa Citizen'', 13 July 2012.</ref> This upgrade program was completed in 2013.<ref name="35 years">[http://www.baesystems.com/en-uk/article/celebrating-35-years-of-hawk-in-finland "Celebrating 35 years of Hawk in Finland."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125180357/http://www.baesystems.com/en-uk/article/celebrating-35-years-of-hawk-in-finland |date=25 January 2016 }} ''BAE Systems'', 17 December 2015.</ref>

===India===
[[File:Two BAE Systems Hawks of the Indian Navy.jpg|thumb|Two BAE Systems Hawks of the Indian Air Force]]

On 23 February 2008, the Hawk Mk. 132 formally entered service with the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/storypage/storypage.aspx?id=1331a638-a926-4978-b1eb-82461af7a173&MatchID1=4665&TeamID1=10&TeamID2=3&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1174&MatchID2=4661&TeamID3=5&TeamID4=2&MatchType2=2&SeriesID2=1172&PrimaryID=4665&Headline=AJT+Hawk+inducted+into+IAF |title=AJT Hawk inducted into IAF |access-date=23 February 2008 |last=Kulkarni |first=Sagar |date=February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315082813/http://www.hindustantimes.com/storypage/storypage.aspx?id=1331a638-a926-4978-b1eb-82461af7a173&MatchID1=4665&TeamID1=10&TeamID2=3&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1174&MatchID2=4661&TeamID3=5&TeamID4=2&MatchType2=2&SeriesID2=1172&PrimaryID=4665&Headline=AJT+Hawk+inducted+into+IAF |archive-date=15 March 2008  }}</ref> after one of the most protracted procurements in India's history, two decades having elapsed between the initial interest and the contract signing on 26 March 2004. The IAF received 24 aircraft directly from [[BAE Systems]] with deliveries beginning in November 2007, and further 42 Hawks assembled by [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] between 2008 and 2011.<ref name="Hindu11Jan08">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/11/stories/2008011160161400.htm |title=The IAF is set to get 40 more Hawk AJTs |access-date=12 January 2008 |last=Sharma |first=Ravi |date=January 2008 |location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026083018/http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/11/stories/2008011160161400.htm |archive-date=26 October 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> In February 2008, India planned to order 57 more Hawks, with 40 going to the Indian Air Force and the remaining 17 to the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>{{cite news |last= Govindasamy |first= Siva |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/india-seeks-extra-hawks-221371/ |title= India seeks extra Hawks |work= Flight International |date= 11 February 2008 |access-date= 14 April 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170415012757/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/india-seeks-extra-hawks-221371/ |archive-date= 15 April 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1= Luthra |first1= Gulshan |last2= Goel |first2= Ashok |url= http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories81.html |title= IAF to buy 40 more Hawk Advanced Jet Trainers, Navy to follow with 17 |work= India Strategic |date= February 2008 |access-date= 11 February 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090202042917/http://indiastrategic.in/topstories81.html |archive-date= 2 February 2009 |url-status= live }}</ref>

In July 2010, it was announced that the IAF and the Navy would receive the additional 57 aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IAF-Navy-to-get-57-more-Hawk-jet-trainers/articleshow/6206948.cms |title=IAF, Navy to get 57 more Hawk jet trainers |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=24 July 2010 |access-date=17 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018060525/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IAF-Navy-to-get-57-more-Hawk-jet-trainers/articleshow/6206948.cms |archive-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The additional aircraft will be all built in India by Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL), continuing to work under licence from BAE.<ref>{{cite news |first= Amy |last= Wilson |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/7915128/BAE-wins-500m-Hawk-order.html |title= BAE wins £500m Hawk order |work= The Telegraph |date= 29 July 2010 |access-date= 3 April 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171128204550/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/7915128/BAE-wins-500m-Hawk-order.html |archive-date= 28 November 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref> On 10 February 2011, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and GE Aviation signed a contract under which GE Aviation will conduct the next 30 years of maintenance on the Hawk fleet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pilotsandplanesmilitary.com/2011/02/license-hawk-aircraft-components |title=GE Aviation gets license |publisher=Pilotsandplanesmilitary.com |date=10 February 2011 |access-date=17 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816053237/http://pilotsandplanesmilitary.com/2011/02/license-hawk-aircraft-components/ |archive-date=16 August 2011  }}</ref> In 2011, the IAF was reportedly unhappy with the provision of spare components;<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/IAF_plans_for_additional_Hawks_jet_trainers_shelved_/articleshow/4278352.cms |title=TOI Article – IAF plans for additional Hawks jet trainers shelved |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=17 March 2009 |access-date=17 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018060525/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/IAF_plans_for_additional_Hawks_jet_trainers_shelved_/articleshow/4278352.cms |archive-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2011, BAE received a contract to provide India with spares and ground support.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/bae-systems-secures-59-million-hawk-aj-t-spares-contract-from-indian-government/articleshow/11082054.cms |title= BAE Systems secures £59 million Hawk AJ T spares contract from Indian government |work= Economic Times |date= 12 December 2011 |first= Biswarup |last= Gooptu |access-date= 24 August 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240423023345/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/bae-systems-secures-59-million-hawk-aj-t-spares-contract-from-indian-government/articleshow/11082054.cms |archive-date= 23 April 2024 |url-status= live }}</ref>

The first IAF Hawk AJT crashed on 29 April 2008 at 406 Air Force Station Bidar, Karnataka.<ref name=LiveFist>{{cite news |url= http://www.livefistdefence.com/2008/04/breaking-news-first-iaf-hawk-aj.html |title= BREAKING NEWS: First IAF Hawk AJT Crashes! |first= Shiv |last= Aroor |date= 30 April 2008 |work= LIVEFISTdefence.com |publisher= Livefist |access-date= 14 April 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170415013711/http://www.livefistdefence.com/2008/04/breaking-news-first-iaf-hawk-aj.html |archive-date= 15 April 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref> On 3 June 2015, another Hawk AJT aircraft crashed near Baharagora, close to the West Bengal – Odisha border.<ref name=TimesIndia>{{cite news |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/AJT-Hawk-crashes-after-taking-off-from-Kalaikunda/articleshow/47531937.cms |title= AJT Hawk crashes after taking off from Kalaikunda |first= Jayanta |last= Gupta |date= 3 June 2015 |location= Kolkata |work= [[The Times of India]] |publisher= Times News Network |access-date= 14 April 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170105055303/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/AJT-Hawk-crashes-after-taking-off-from-Kalaikunda/articleshow/47531937.cms |archive-date= 5 January 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref>

The Hawk fleet is based at IAF's [[Bidar Air Force Station]] in north Karnataka, about 700&nbsp;km from Bangalore.  As of 2015, a total of 123 aircraft were on order by the Indian Air Force and 17 by the Indian Navy,<ref name=businessindia>{{cite news |url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/hawk-aircraft-proposals-to-feature-in-modi-s-talks-115111100008_1.html |title= Hawk aircraft proposals to feature in Modi's talks |first= Ajai |last= Shukla |location= Bengaluru |date= 11 November 2015 |work= Business Standard |publisher= Business Standard Private Ltd. |access-date= 14 April 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160425083302/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/hawk-aircraft-proposals-to-feature-in-modi-s-talks-115111100008_1.html |archive-date= 25 April 2016 |url-status= live }}</ref> with an additional order of 20 aircraft were under negotiation.<ref name=businessindia/>

===Indonesia===
[[File:Hawk 109 & 209 Palembang Airbase 2017.jpg|thumb|left|A Hawk 109 and three Hawk 209s of the [[:id:Skadron Udara 12|12th Air Squadron]] of Indonesian Air Force]]

In April 1978, [[Indonesia]], seeking to increase its aerial capabilities, placed the first of multiple orders for the Hawk.<ref>Phythian 2001, p. 163-164.</ref> The [[Indonesian Air Force]] received more than 40 Hawks in the 1980s and 1990s;<ref name="ryan BBC"/> In June 1991, BAe and [[Industri Pesawat Terbang Nurtanio|Indonesian Aerospace]] (IPTN) signed a major agreement for collaborative production of the Hawk, and more orders of the Hawk were anticipated.<ref>Phythian 2001, pp. 156–157.</ref> Further Hawk exports were eventually blocked due to concerns over Indonesian human rights, particularly in [[East Timor]].<ref name="ryan BBC">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2012743.stm |title=The 'trainer' jet the UK loves to hawk |author=Ryan Dilley |date=29 May 2002 |work=BBC News |access-date=24 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616115736/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2012743.stm |archive-date=16 June 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> During the 1990s protests erupted across England over arming Indonesia and pressure increased after the mass-murder of the [[Balibo Five]] journalists and Roger East came to light and allegations of the use of Hawks during the [[Indonesian occupation of East Timor]].<ref name="tolfree">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/hometruths/20031201_death_in_east_timor.shtml |title=Death in East Timor: Interview with Maureen Tolfree |publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]] |date=1 December 2003 |access-date=4 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103141543/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/hometruths/20031201_death_in_east_timor.shtml |archive-date=3 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Hawks have been the backbone of Indonesian Air Force, supplementing more advanced and expensive aircraft such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon. In September 2013, the Indonesian Air Force began receiving the [[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle]], which has been reported as having been set to eventually replace the Hawk in service.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indonesia-receives-first-pair-of-t-50i-advanced-jet-trainers-390512/ |title=Indonesia receives first pair of T-50i advanced jet trainers |publisher=Flight International |date=13 September 2013 |access-date=30 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005932/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indonesia-receives-first-pair-of-t-50i-advanced-jet-trainers-390512/ |archive-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2016, it was announced that Indonesia's Hawk fleet was set to receive a new [[radar warning receiver]] self-defense system, aiding the type's use in light attack operations.<ref>Jennings, Gareth and Richard Scott. [http://www.janes.com/article/58037/singapore-airshow-2016-indonesia-to-upgrade-hawk-200-209s-with-rwr-self-protection "Singapore Airshow 2016: Indonesia to upgrade Hawk 200/209s with RWR self-protection."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428045654/http://www.janes.com/article/58037/singapore-airshow-2016-indonesia-to-upgrade-hawk-200-209s-with-rwr-self-protection |date=28 April 2016 }} ''IHS Jane's International Defence Review'', 16 February 2016.</ref>

A BAE Hawk in use with the Indonesian Air Force crashed on 15 June 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/air-forces-hawk-fighter-jet-crashes-in-riau|title= Air Force's Hawk Fighter Jet Crashes in Riau |date= 15 June 2020 |publisher=Jakarta Globe|access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref>

===Malaysia===
The [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] has 18 Hawk aircraft, consisting of 4 Hawk 108 export versions as training aircraft and 14 Hawk 208 as combat aircraft. On 5 March 2013, during the [[2013 Lahad Datu standoff]], five Hawk 208 together with three American-made [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet|Boeing F/A-18D Hornet]]s were employed in airstrikes on hideouts of the terrorist group Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo in Lahad Datu, Sabah ahead of the ground assault by joint forces of the Malaysian Army and Royal Malaysian Police.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/security-forces-stay-on-full-alert-1.229534?cache=03D163D03edding-pred-1.1176%2F%3FpFpentwage63Dp%3A%2Fhe3D03Dn63Frea-rti3D19.3D163D03edding-pred-1.1176%2F%3FpFpentwage63Dp%3A%2Fhe3D03Dn63Frea-rti3D19.111w5ii%2Fed-1.1176%2F%2F2.2525%2F2.2525%2F1.331200%3Fc%3Fke%3Fpage%3D0%3Fpage%3D0%3Fkey%3DMalaysia |title=Security forces stay on full alert |date=6 March 2013 |newspaper=New Straits Times |access-date=6 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200952/http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/security-forces-stay-on-full-alert-1.229534?cache=03D163D03edding-pred-1.1176%2F%3FpFpentwage63Dp%3A%2Fhe3D03Dn63Frea-rti3D19.3D163D03edding-pred-1.1176%2F%3FpFpentwage63Dp%3A%2Fhe3D03Dn63Frea-rti3D19.111w5ii%2Fed-1.1176%2F%2F2.2525%2F2.2525%2F1.331200%3Fc%3Fke%3Fpage%3D0%3Fpage%3D0%3Fkey%3DMalaysia |archive-date=29 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Kate, Daniel Ten and Barry Porter. [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-03-05/malaysia-begins-aerial-bombardment-of-armed-insurgents-in-Sabah "Malaysia Hunts for Philippine Muslim Fighters After Assault."] ''Bloomberg'', 5 March 2013.</ref>

===Saudi Arabia===
[[File:Saudi Hawk 8805.jpg|thumb|Royal Saudi Air Force Hawk in 2011]]

[[Saudi Arabia]] acquired the Hawk under the [[Al-Yamamah arms deal]] with Britain, with a total of 50 Hawk Mk. 65/65As ordered in contracts placed in 1985 and 1994 respectively.<ref name="arab aero">[http://www.arabianaerospace.aero/saudi-catches-the-uk-train.html "Saudi catches the UK train."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509233039/http://www.arabianaerospace.aero/saudi-catches-the-uk-train.html |date=9 May 2013 }} ''Arabian Aerospace'', 10 August 2012.</ref> In August 2012, a deal for 22 Hawk 'Advanced Jet Trainers' worth approximately $800 million was announced. The AJTs would replace older models of Hawks in the [[Royal Saudi Air Force]] (RSAF) inventory.<ref name="arab aero"/> The Hawk is flown by the RSAF demonstration team.<ref name="arab aero"/> In February 2016 it emerged that Saudi Arabia had doubled the number of Hawk AJT aircraft it had ordered from BAE Systems, with an order for a further 22. This was revealed in the company's preliminary annual report for 2015; "We reached agreement with the Saudi customer for the provision of a further 22 Hawk AJT aircraft, associated ground equipment, and training aids for the RSAF which form part of an enhancement to the Kingdom's training capacity." Once in service, the Hawk AJTs will complete the replacement of the earlier Mk 65 and Mk 65A platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/58143/saudi-arabia-orders-more-hawk-jet-trainer-aircraft |title=Saudi Arabia orders more Hawk jet trainer aircraft |date=18 February 2016 |publisher=IHS Jane's 360 |access-date=19 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219101941/http://www.janes.com/article/58143/saudi-arabia-orders-more-hawk-jet-trainer-aircraft |archive-date=19 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> 22 of these Hawks are to be assembled locally in Saudi Arabia, the first of which was completed in March 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jennings |first1=Gareth |title=Saudi Arabia rolls-out first domestically built Hawk jet trainer |url=https://www.janes.com/article/87565/saudi-arabia-rolls-out-first-domestically-built-hawk-jet-trainer |website=Jane's 360 |access-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401124537/https://www.janes.com/article/87565/saudi-arabia-rolls-out-first-domestically-built-hawk-jet-trainer |archive-date=1 April 2019 |location=London |date=31 March 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

===Zimbabwe===
[[File:Zimbabwe AF Bae Hawk T-60A 610 (6902776287).jpg|thumb|An AFZ Hawk T60A in 2000]]
In the 1980s, 12 BAE Hawk T.Mk. 60/60As were purchased for the [[Air Force of Zimbabwe]] (AFZ); the purchase was supported by a £35&nbsp;million loan from the UK to Zimbabwe.<ref>[http://www.jubileedebtcampaign.org.uk/UK3720backed3720millions3720in3720loans3720for3720Zimbabwe3720Hawk3720jets+7613.twl "UK backed millions in loans for Zimbabwe jets."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622144307/http://www.jubileedebtcampaign.org.uk/UK3720backed3720millions3720in3720loans3720for3720Zimbabwe3720Hawk3720jets+7613.twl |date=22 June 2012 }} ''Jubilee Debt Campaign'', 8 May 2012.</ref> The Hawk deal also included the transfer of a number of used [[Hawker Hunter]]s.<ref>Mitchell, Emily. [http://www.caat.org.uk/resources/publications/countries/zimbabwe-0900.php "UK Arms Exports to Zimbabwe."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807005305/http://www.caat.org.uk/resources/publications/countries/zimbabwe-0900.php |date=7 August 2012 }} ''Campaign Against Arms Trade'', September 2000.</ref> In July 1982, at least one Hawk was destroyed on the ground and three more heavily damaged during a dissident attack on Thornhill air base, [[Gweru]].<ref>Towers, Roy. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PQE-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=bEkMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2884,4398669 ". Year Of Deepening Unease For Security Forces In Zimbabwe."] ''Glasgow Herald'', 27 July 1982. p. 5.</ref>

Zimbabwe's Hawks were used during the [[Second Congo War]]. Numerous airstrikes were conducted in support of the [[Military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese Army]] against Rwandan, Ugandan and rebel forces in 1998–2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F99F80A8FDA0B41&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Zimbabwe military warns Goma bombings to go on |publisher=South African Press Association |date=13 May 1999 |access-date=25 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217010602/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F99F80A8FDA0B41&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |archive-date=17 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Alongside other aircraft, AFZ Hawks played a significant role in the [[Operation Kitona|defence of Kinshasa during the early days of the war]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cooper |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uXZAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |title=Great lakes conflagration: Second Congo War; 1998 - 2003 |date=2013 |publisher=Helion |isbn=978-1-909384-66-8 |location=Solihull |pages=23–32}}</ref> In 2000, the controversy over Zimbabwe's military intervention in the Congo and poor human rights record led to Britain imposing a total arms embargo on the nation, including spare parts for the Hawk.<ref>MacAskill, Ewen. [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2000/jan/20/ethicalforeignpolicy.politicalnews "Britain's ethical foreign policy: keeping the Hawk jets in action"]. ''The Guardian'', 20 January 2000. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305011453/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2000/jan/20/ethicalforeignpolicy.politicalnews |date=5 March 2017 }}.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/746915.stm "UK halts arms to Zimbabwe"]. ''BBC News'', 13 May 2000. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060527064752/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/746915.stm |date=27 May 2006 }}.</ref> Due to the embargo, Zimbabwe has purchased six Chinese [[Hongdu JL-8|Hongdu K-8]]s as a substitute.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/14/zimbabwe "Zimbabwe buys six fighter jets"]. ''The Guardian'', 14 April 2005. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305012625/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/14/zimbabwe |date=5 March 2017 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200507010628.html |title=Zimbabwe: 'Purchase of Jets From China Wise' |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128204837/http://allafrica.com/stories/200507010628.html |archive-date=28 November 2017 |website=allafrica.com |date=1 July 2005 |agency=The Herald |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

An unknown number of Zimbabwe's Hawks were restored to service in 2022; Zimbabwean military officials declined to comment on the details of their refurbishment.<ref name="AC1">{{cite news |title=There's Zimbabwe beyond elections |last1=Shumbare |first1=Theseus |
last2=Kafe|first2=Emmanuel |url=https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/theres-zimbabwe-beyond-elections |work=The Sunday Mail |location=Harare |date=20 August 2023 |access-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022034242/https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/theres-zimbabwe-beyond-elections|archive-date=22 October 2023 }}</ref>

===Others===
During the 1980s, a prospective sale of 63 Hawk trainers to [[Iraq]] was considered by the British government.<ref>Scott 1996, p. 560.</ref> While the proposal had its proponents, it was controversial as in a ground-attack capacity Iraq might have employed the Hawk against neighbouring [[Iran]] and to oppress Iraq's own [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] population;<ref>Scott 1996, p. 564-566.</ref> there was also concern that the Hawk could be potentially armed with [[chemical weapons]]. After considerable deliberation the sale was blocked by then Foreign Secretary [[John Major]].<ref>Scott 1996, pp. 567, 570–571.</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=John Major|title=John Major: The Autobiography|publisher=Harper Collins|year=1999|pages=117–18}}</ref> In 2010, Iraq entered talks with BAE for an order of up to 21 Hawks.<ref>Pfiefer, Sylvia. [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9a469906-5369-11df-bfdf-00144feab49a.html#axzz24Ye8zOJr "Iraq in talks to buy BAE Hawk jets."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528074313/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9a469906-5369-11df-bfdf-00144feab49a.html#axzz24Ye8zOJr |date=28 May 2010 }} ''Financial Times'', 29 April 2010.</ref>

In 1993, talks between BAe and [[South Africa]]'s [[Denel Aviation]] began regarding a replacement for the [[South African Air Force]] (SAAF)'s ageing [[Atlas Impala]] fleet.<ref>Barrie, Douglas. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%202691.html "BAe in Hawk building talks with South Africa."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731185958/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%202691.html |date=31 July 2013 }} ''Flight International'', 16 November 1993. p. 4.</ref> By 2004, Denel had begun construction of Hawks under licence from BAe; components for other customers have also been produced by Denel.<ref>Kampbell, Keith. [http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/hawk-production-under-way-in-south-africa-2004-07-02 "Hawk production under way in South Africa."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526055652/http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/hawk-production-under-way-in-south-africa-2004-07-02 |date=26 May 2013 }} ''Engineering News'', 14 January 2005.</ref> On 13 January 2005, the first locally assembled Hawk conducted its first flight; it belonged to a batch of 24 trainers ordered by the SAAF.<ref>[http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/first-saassembled-hawk-completes-maiden-flight-2005-01-14 "First SA-assembled Hawk completes maiden flight."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526044243/http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/first-saassembled-hawk-completes-maiden-flight-2005-01-14 |date=26 May 2013 }} 14 January 2005.</ref>