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==Service history== ===Soviet Union and Russia=== The BRDM-2 entered service with the [[Soviet Army]] in 1962. It was first publicly shown in 1966. It replaced the BRDM-1 in the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] and [[Warsaw Pact]] armies. Production started in 1962 and went on until 1989, with 7,200 vehicles produced (mostly for export). The BRDM-2 became famous for being the vehicle selected to pull the Soviet leader [[Leonid Brezhnev]]'s [[coffin]] during the [[Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev|funeral ceremony]] in the [[Red Square]]. Both Russian and Ukrainian sides used the BRDM-2 during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], however by that time, very few BRDM-2 armored scout cars were spotted in service with the Russian army. These armored scout cars were generally replaced in Russian Army service by [[Tigr (military vehicle)|Tigr]] armored vehicles. During the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], at least one captured Ukrainian BRDM-2L1 was modified with a [[UB-32 (rocket pod)]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Cielma |first=Mariusz |title=BRDM-2 with equipped UB-32 pods |url=https://twitter.com/MariuszCielma/status/1636632582317015042 |website=Twitter |access-date=19 March 2023}}</ref> ===Poland=== [[File:BRDM-2M-97 "Żbik-B" Kraków.jpg|thumb|Two BRDM-2M-97 "Żbik-B" armoured scout cars on a military parade in Kraków, 17 May 2008]] Poland bought 450 BRDM-2 armoured scout cars, 418 9P133 "Malyutka" and 9P148 "Konkurs" [[tank destroyer]]s and 32 BRDM-2RS NBC reconnaissance vehicles in 1965. Later, Poland obtained some 9P31 [[Surface-to-air missile]] launchers. In 2004, the Polish Army operated 600 BRDM-2 armoured scout cars and vehicles based on it. Currently, the Polish Army operates 200 BRDM-2''s'', 120 BRDM-2''s'' modernized to BRDM-2M-96, BRDM-2M-96i, BRDM-2M-97 "Żbik-B" and BRDM-2M-98 "Żbik-A" level, 12 BRDM-2''s'' modernized to BRDM-2M-96ik "Szakal" level, 100 9P133 "Malyutka" and 18 9P148 "Konkurs" tank destroyers, 12 BRDM-2RS NBC reconnaissance vehicles, an unknown number of 9K31 Strela-1 self-propelled surface-to-air missile launchers as well as BRDM-2 R-1A and BRDM-2 R-5 command vehicles.<ref name="Militarium.net 2">[http://www.militarium.net/viewart.php?aid=411 2] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510082127/http://www.militarium.net/viewart.php?aid=411 |date=10 May 2011 }}. Militarium.net (18 August 2008). Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> Also one BRDM-2 was modernized to BRDM-2M-96ik "Szakal Plus" level.<ref name="Militarium.net"/> All modernizations, conversions and serious repairs of Polish BRDM-2s are done by WZM in [[Siemianowice Śląskie]]. Modernized BRDM-2 armoured scout cars will serve with the Polish Army for at least a couple of years. The 9P133 "Malyutka" and 9P148 "Konkurs" tank destroyers, which are the basic equipment of anti-tank subunits of motorized brigades, are considered obsolete and therefore are to be replaced with ATGM launchers based on lighter vehicles, like the [[HMMWV]], or heavier vehicles like the KTO Ryś APC or [[KTO Rosomak]] [[Patria AMV|AMV]].<ref name="Militarium.net"/> For MSPO 2002, two Polish BRDM-2M-96i were converted into a fire unit and command vehicle with a radar of the German Rheinmetall Defence Electronics [[ASRAD-R]] missile air defense system. The system won the "Defender" award at that year's event.<ref name="Kolbenschmidt Pierburg AG">[http://www.kspg-ag.de/pdfdoc/newsline_4_2001.pdf Newsline 4/2001] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511145951/http://www.kspg-ag.de/pdfdoc/newsline_4_2001.pdf |date=11 May 2011 }}. (PDF). Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> Polish BRDM-2M-96ik "Szakal" was shown at the Land Combat Expo 2004.<ref name="armyrecognition.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/Amerique_du_nord/Etats_Unis/Combat_Land_Expo_2003/Land_Combat_Expo_2004_pictures/Land_Combat_Expo_2004_Pictures_gallery.htm|title=Land Combat Expo 2004 Pictures picture photo image Military Exhibition of latest high military technology Patrick Henry village Heidelberg Germany United States Army salon militaire sur les dernières technologies militaires de l'arme américaine Heidelberg Allemagne|author=Army Recognition Alain Servaes|access-date=4 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105192238/http://www.armyrecognition.com/Amerique_du_nord/Etats_Unis/Combat_Land_Expo_2003/Land_Combat_Expo_2004_pictures/Land_Combat_Expo_2004_Pictures_gallery.htm|archive-date=5 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Two BRDM-2M-97 "Żbik-B" armoured scout cars took part in a military parade in Kraków on 17 May 2008. Seven BRDM-2M-97 "Żbik-B" armoured scout cars and six 9P148 "Konkurs" tank destroyers took part in a [[military parade]] in Warsaw on the Polish Army Day, 15 August 2008.<ref name="MON">[http://www.mon.gov.pl/pl/artykul/5427 MON] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814030327/http://www.mon.gov.pl/pl/artykul/5427 |date=14 August 2008 }}. MON. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> BRDM-2, BRDM-2M-96 and BRDM-2M-96i armoured cars were used by Polish units of [[SFOR]]. Polish [[Kosovo Force|KFOR]] units also use BRDM-2M-96 armoured scout cars and BRDM-2RS NBC reconnaissance vehicles. Polish Forces in Iraq operated 12 BRDM-2M-96ik "Szakal" and 14 BRDM-2M-97 "Żbik-B".<ref name="Militarium.net"/> 10 BRDM-2M-96ik were used by Polish forces of [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]].<ref name="Altair">[http://www.altair.com.pl/czasopisma-artykuly-274 Altair – R-wto 03/2007 – Kołowa aberracja] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217014822/http://www.altair.com.pl/czasopisma-artykuly-274 |date=17 February 2012 }}. Altair.com.pl. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> However, these are now back in Poland, as are the 12 vehicles used in Iraq. ===Estonia=== Around 10 BRDM-2''s'' were taken over from the Soviet Army in the early 1990s. They were mostly used during infantry training for posing as the enemy armour. Also, the Estonian police used a specially modified BRDM-2 (See the Estonia section in the [[#Variants|Variants section]]). All BRDM-2''s'' have now been withdrawn from both the military and police service. ===Ukraine=== [[File:Battle of Konotop 18.jpg|thumb|Knocked out Ukrainian BRDM-2 at [[Konotop]], 25 February 2022]] In the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], the BRDM-2 and several of its variants were used by both sides. On the morning of 13 June 2014, during the [[First Battle of Mariupol]], the [[Azov Battalion]], [[Dnipro-1 Regiment|Dnipro-1 Battalion]] and the [[National Guard of Ukraine]] retook the city and key buildings occupied by insurrectionists killing five militants and destroying an insurrectionist BRDM-2 armoured vehicle.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} BRDM-2s also saw action during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], primarily on the Ukrainian side. As of February 5th 2025 the open source intelligence website [[Oryx (website)|Oryx]] reports 17 BDRM-2s lost on the Russian side, and 157 for the Ukrainians.<ref name="ukrainian losses">{{cite web |title=Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The 2022 Russian Invasion Of Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-ukrainian.html |website=Oryx Blog |access-date=13 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oryx |title=Attack On Europe: Documenting Russian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Oryx}}</ref> === Syria === Syria received hundreds of BRDM-2, as well as specialized variants, BRDM-2 RKh (radiological-chemical recce), 9P122, 9P148 (both anti-tank missile carriers) and 9K31 Strela-1 (SAM version). BRDM-2 and 9P122s saw widespread service against [[Israel]] during the 1973 [[Kippur War]]. Israel managed to capture enough of them to use them with its own forces. Therefore, during the [[1982 Lebanon War]], both Israelis and Syrians deployed BRDM-2s. The [[Syrian Armed Forces]] used the BRDM-2s for security patrols during the [[Lebanon Civil War]], the light vehicles proving themselves very suitable for this type of operation.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} At the beginning of the 2010s, the BRDM-2s, thought to be unsuitable to modern combat against Israeli forces, were retired from service. They were mostly used as riot control vehicle during the [[Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War|2011 protests]] that led to the [[Syrian Civil War]]. During this war, the BRDM-2s or 9P148s were rarely seen in action, most of the usage being local initiatives of governmental or rebel units. A few were modified by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] into [[VBIED]]s while the Kurdish [[YPG]], lacking armor, used all the vehicles they could.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} ===Other operators=== [[File:Armenian 9P148 Konkurs Tank Destroyer.jpg | thumb|Armenian 9P148 Konkurs based on BRDM-2 during military parade in Yerevan]] Like all Soviet equipment, the BRDM-2 was also sold to many Arab and African countries. It is used by 38 armies. The BRDM-2 has enjoyed popularity on the export market because it was cheap, easy to operate and reliable. These factors made the BRDM-2 a more popular export reconnaissance vehicle than the [[BRM-1K]], which was much more expensive and complicated to operate.<ref name="Militarium.net" /> Two BRDM-2s were sold to [[People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)|Grenada]] and were lost in the [[Invasion of Grenada]]. One was destroyed in an engagement with American [[M60 Patton]]s and the second was captured. When the Soviet forces left [[Soviet–Afghan War|Afghanistan]], they abandoned many BRDM-2s. These vehicles, together with some derelict ones restored back to working state, are now used by the [[Afghan Taliban]]. The BRDM-2 also saw service with the Iraqi Army during the [[Gulf War|First Gulf War]] and the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} The [[Soviet Union]] began supplying the [[People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola]] (FAPLA) with BRDM-2s shortly after Angolan independence. At least one fell victim to a rebel [[Panhard AML|Panhard AML-90]] crewed by [[South Africa]]n advisers during ''[[Operation Savannah (Angola)|Operation Savannah]]''.<ref name=borderstrike>{{cite book|last1=Steenkamp|first1=Willem|author-link1=Willem Steenkamp|title=Borderstrike! South Africa into Angola. 1975–1980|year=2006|publisher=Just Done Productions Publishing |location=Durban, South Africa|isbn=978-1-920169-00-8|edition=3rd|url=http://www.justdone.co.za/shop/index.php?id_product=5&controller=product|access-date=29 September 2014|publication-date=1 March 2006|orig-year=1985|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006150953/http://www.justdone.co.za/shop/index.php?id_product=5&controller=product|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> BRDM-2 armoured scout cars were used by the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] (JNA) during the [[Ten-Day War]] as well as the initial operations in Croatia during the [[Croatian War of Independence]]. The BRDM-2 was also used by the [[Yugoslav Army (FRY)|Yugoslav Army]] (VJ) against the [[Kosovo Liberation Army|KLA]] during the [[Kosovo war]]. BRDM-2 armoured scout cars are used by Polish, Ukrainian<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Yves Debay|first=Yves|last=Debay|title= VBL Panhard|publisher= Histoire et collections|year=2004|isbn=978-2913903166|language=fr|page=51}}</ref> and Russian units of the [[Kosovo Force]]. The [[Sudanese Armed Forces]] used several BRDM-2s during the [[Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile]] and at least 2 were captured by the [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North]] in December 2012.<ref name="SAS Kordofan">{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/facts-figures/arms-ammunition-tracing-desk/HSBA-Tracing-Desk-SPLA-N-SK-Feb-2013.pdf|series=HSBA Arms and Ammunition Tracing Desk|title=SPLA-N weapons and equipment, South Kordofan, December 2012|publisher=Small Arms Survey|date=February 2013|page=10|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322044524/http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/facts-figures/arms-ammunition-tracing-desk/HSBA-Tracing-Desk-SPLA-N-SK-Feb-2013.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
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