Editing Bee (section)

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Molecular phylogeny was used by Debevic ''et al'', 2012, to demonstrate that the bees (Anthophila) arose from deep within the [[Crabronidae]] ''[[sensu lato]]'', which was thus rendered [[paraphyly|paraphyletic]]. In their study, the placement of the monogeneric [[Heterogyna|Heterogynaidae]] was uncertain. The small family [[Mellinidae]] was not included in this analysis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Debevec |first1=Andrew H. |last2=Cardinal |first2=Sophie |last3=Danforth |first3=Bryan N. |title=Identifying the sister group to the bees: a molecular phylogeny of Aculeata with an emphasis on the superfamily Apoidea |journal=Zoologica Scripta |date=2012 |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=527–535 |doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00549.x |s2cid=33533180 |url=http://www.danforthlab.entomology.cornell.edu/files/all/debevec_etal_2012.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212548/http://www.danforthlab.entomology.cornell.edu/files/all/debevec_etal_2012.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref>

Further studies by Sann ''et al.'', 2018, elevated the subfamilies (plus one tribe and one subtribe) of [[Crabronidae]] ''sensu lato'' to family status. They also recovered the placement of ''Heterogyna'' within [[Nyssonini]] and sunk [[Heterogynaidae]]. The newly erected family, [[Ammoplanidae]], formerly a subtribe of [[Pemphredonidae|Pemphredoninae]], was recovered as the most sister family to bees.<ref name=Sann2018>{{cite journal |first1=Manuela |last1=Sann  |first2=Oliver |last2=Niehuis |first3=Ralph S. |last3=Peters |first4=Christoph |last4=Mayer |first5=Alexey |last5=Kozlov |first6=Lars |last6=Podsiadlowski |first7=Sarah |last7=Bank |first8=Karen |last8=Meusemann |first9=Bernhard |last9=Misof |first10=Christoph |last10=Bleidorn |first11=Michael |last11=Ohl |display-authors=5 |date=2018 |title=Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume= 18 |issue=71 |page=71 |doi=10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8 |doi-access=free |pmid=29776336 |pmc=5960199 |bibcode=2018BMCEE..18...71S }}</ref>

{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
|label1=Apoidea
|1={{clade
   |1=[[Ampulicidae]] (Cockroach wasps) [[File:Emerald Cockroach Wasp.JPG|70px]]
   |2={{clade
       |1=[[Astatidae]] [[File:Astata boopsDSC05135.JPG|70px]]
       |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
                  |1=[[Bembicinae|Bembicidae]] [[File:Bembix sp2.jpg|70px]]
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Sphecidae]] (''[[sensu stricto]]'') [[File:Sceliphron spirifex TZ edit1.jpg|70px]]
                     |2={{clade 
                        |1={{clade
                           |1=[[Crabroninae|Crabronidae]] (''[[sensu stricto]]'') [[File:Ectemnius.lapidarius.-.lindsey.jpg|70px]]
                           |2=[[Mellinidae]] [[File:Mellinus arvensis - Flickr - gailhampshire (1).jpg|70px]]
                  }} }} }} }}
           |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |1=[[Pemphredonidae]] [[File:Pemphredon ? (Crabronidae) - Zwerggrabwespe (11462528464).jpg|70px]]
                  |2=[[Philanthidae]] [[File:P. gibbosus57306787w.jpg|70px]]}}
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Psenidae]] [[File:Aphid Wasp - Flickr - treegrow (2).jpg|70px]]
                  |2={{clade 
                     |1={{clade
                        |1=[[Ammoplanidae]] 
                        |2='''Anthophila (bees)''' [[File:Abeille butineuse et son pollen.JPG|70px]] 
                  }} }} }} }} }}
         }}
      }}
   }}