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Betula pendula
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==Conservation== ''Betula pendula'' is considered a species of least concern by the [[IUCN Red List]].<ref name=IUCN/> The synonym ''Betula oycowiensis'' (as ''B. oycoviensis'') was previously listed on the Red List as vulnerable,<ref name=iucnboycoviensis>{{citation |title=''Betula oycoviensis'' in IUCN 2009 | vauthors = Boratynski A |work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources]] |year=1998}}</ref> though it is now considered a synonym of ''B. pendula'' subsp. ''pendula''.<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=powo/> ''B. szaferi'' was previously considered extinct in the wild on the Red List, but is now considered a form of ''B. pendula'' with the presence of a mutant gene, causing it to grow weakly and fruit heavily.<ref name=IUCN/>
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