Editing Broadcast programming (section)

===Bridging===
'''Bridging''' is the practice of discouraging the audience from changing channels during the "junctions" between specific programs. This can be done, primarily, by airing promos for the next program near the end of the preceding program, such as during its credits,<ref>Ellis, J. (2000) Seeing Things: Television in the Age of Uncertainty, London: I.B. Tauris.</ref> or reducing the length of the junction between two programs as much as possible ('''hot switching'''). The host of the next program may similarly make a brief appearance near the end of the preceding program (sometimes interacting directly with the host) to provide a preview; in [[news broadcasting]], this is typically referred to as a "throw" or "toss".<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Steinberg|first=Jacques|date=2005-05-04|title='Daily Show' Personality Gets His Own Platform|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/04/arts/television/daily-show-personality-gets-his-own-platform.html|access-date=2019-09-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

A bridge was used by [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] between ''[[Roseanne]]'' and the December 1992 series premiere of ''[[The Jackie Thomas Show]]'', a new sitcom co-created by [[Roseanne Barr|Roseanne]] and [[Tom Arnold (actor)|Tom Arnold]] of ''Roseanne'' fame. A scene of the Connor family watching its opening on TV seamlessly transitioned into the program itself, with no junction in between. ABC commissioned a minute-by-minute Nielsen ratings report, which showed that the majority of viewers from ''Roseanne'' had been retained during the premiere.<ref>Carter, Bill. "ABC's Extra Careful Look At 'Jackie Thomas Show'." ''The New York Times'', 1992-12-07, p. D8.</ref><ref name="carter930321">Carter, Bill. "As Cliff and Norm Drink Up, In Walks Seinfeld." ''[[The New York Times]]'', 1993-03-21, p. A31.</ref>

Owing to both programs' [[news comedy]] formats, the [[Comedy Central]] program ''[[The Daily Show]]'' used newscast-style toss segments to promote its new spin-off and lead-out, ''[[The Colbert Report]]'', in which host [[Jon Stewart]] would engage in a comedic conversation with the latter's host, [[Stephen Colbert (character)|Stephen Colbert]], via [[Split screen (video production)|split-screen]].<ref name=":0" /> On the December 18, 2014 episode of ''The Daily Show'', this segment was used to seamlessly segue into the [[Final episode of The Colbert Report|series finale]] of ''The Colbert Report''. At its conclusion, the show transitioned back to Stewart (giving the impression that the entire ''Colbert Report'' episode was merely a segment of ''The Daily Show)'', who concluded his show with its traditional closing segment "[[Your Moment of Zen]]" (which featured an outtake from a previous toss segment) as normal.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-12-19|title=Colbert's pitch-perfect finale: "Stephen Colbert" breaks character at last|url=https://www.salon.com/2014/12/19/colberts_pitch_perfect_finale_stephen_colbert_breaks_character_at_last/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Salon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219204306/http://www.salon.com/2014/12/19/colberts_pitch_perfect_finale_stephen_colbert_breaks_character_at_last/ |archive-date=2014-12-19 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Colbert Report' Final Episode Includes Santa Claus and Tons of Celebrities|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/colbert-report-final-episode-includes-santa-claus-tons/story?id=27709606|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-07|website=ABC News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219064859/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/colbert-report-final-episode-includes-santa-claus-tons/story?id=27709606 |archive-date=2014-12-19 }}</ref>

In some cases, a channel may intentionally allow a program to overrun into the next half-hour timeslot rather than end exactly on the half-hour, in order to discourage viewers from [[channel surfing|"surfing" away]] at traditional junction periods (since they had missed the beginnings of programs on other channels already). This can, however, cause disruptions with recorders if they are not aware of the scheduling (typically, [[digital video recorder]]s can be configured to automatically record for a set length of time before and after a schedule's given timeslot in [[Electronic program guide|program guide]] data to account for possible variances).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://slate.com/culture/2013/06/accurate-recording-the-one-amazing-feature-that-makes-european-dvrs-so-much-better-than-american-dvrs.html|title=Why Do Americans Have the Worst DVRs?|date=June 21, 2013|website=Slate|access-date=September 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a14438/odd-timings-cause-tivo-to-issue-warning-in-us/|title=Odd timings cause TiVo to issue warning in US|date=May 12, 2004|website=Digital Spy|access-date=September 9, 2019}}</ref> For a period, [[TBS (American TV channel)|TBS]] intentionally scheduled all of its programs at 5 and 35 minutes past the hour rather than exactly on the half hour (a practice it marketed as "Turner Time"), to attract viewers tuning away from other channels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/media/inside-turner-s-quest-broadcast-tv-networks/234135|title=Inside Turner's Quest to Take on Broadcast|date=2012-04-16|website=adage.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref>