Editing Cèilidh (section)

===In Ireland===
{{anchor|Céilí dance}}

[[File:St. Patrick’s Festival Céilí (2011) (5532775603).jpg|thumb|upright|{{lang|ga|Céilí}} dancing]]

{{lang|ga|Céilí}} dances ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|eɪ|l|i}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈceːlʲiː|lang}}) or true {{lang|ga|céilí}} dances ({{lang|ga|fíor céilí}}) are a popular form of [[folk dance|folk dancing]] in Ireland and are part of the broader [[Irish dance]]s. The Irish {{lang|ga|céilí}} dances are based on ''heys'' ("hedges", or pairs of facing lines), round dances, long dances, and [[quadrilles]],<ref>''The Flowing Tide: More Irish Set Dancing'' Pat Murphy, Mercier Press, 2000, p. 16</ref> generally revived during the [[Gaelic revival]] in the first quarter of the twentieth century<ref>''The Story of Irish Dance'', Helen Brennan, Mount Eagle Publications, Dingle, Co. Kerry, Ireland, 1999, pp. 29–43</ref> and codified by the [[Irish Dancing Commission]].<ref>''Ár Rincí Fóirne-Thirty Popular Figure Dances'', An Coimisiún le Rincí Gaelacha, Wellbrook Press, 1939-2003</ref> There are about thirty dances that form the basis for examination of {{lang|ga|céilí}} dance teachers. Irish {{lang|ga|céilí}} is a participatory social event attended by both men and women and accompanied by live Irish traditional music. The dance emerged within cultural nationalist consciousness as during the late 19th and early 20th century traditions promoting nationalist agendas, and national identities were regarded as not culturally unified.

====History and background====
Irish {{lang|ga|céilí}} regained its popularity in the late 19th century, when Ireland made efforts to regain its cultural and political autonomy after being colonized for more than 800 years. The goal of the Gaelic League established in 1893 was to promote Irish cultural independence and de-[[anglicisation]], which involved the remergent popularization of the Irish language, literature, and vernacular traditions, such as Irish singing and dancing. Plentiful branches of the Gaelic League giving dance, singing, music, and literature classes were established across Ireland.<ref>{{Cite journal | last=Foley| first=Catherine| title=The Irish Céilí: A site for constructing, experiencing, and negotiating a sense of community and identity |journal=Dance Research |year=2011 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=43–60 |doi=10.3366/drs.2011.0004 |jstor=41428389|hdl=10344/4695 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

====Dance form and style====
The style of dance employed for {{lang|ga|céilí}} dance differs greatly from that used for [[set dance]], and has more the appearance associated with the style of [[Irish stepdance|step dance]]. In particular, it emphasizes height and extension, with dancers generally dancing on their toes (but not {{lang|fr|en pointe}} as in ballet).
A movement called "side-step" or "sevens and threes" with which dancers travel sideways to the direction they are facing is common, as are jig-step movements called<ref>''Folk Music and Dances of Ireland'', Brendan Breathnach, Ossian Publications, 1996, p. 43</ref> the "rising step" or "grinding step". {{lang|ga|Céilí}} dances may be divided into figures, but a single type of tune is generally used for all the figures and the dancing does not pause between the figures.

Unlike [[square dance]] and [[Round dance (ballroom)|round dance]], {{lang|ga|céilí}} dances are generally not called by a [[Caller (dance)|caller]]; the flow of dance is defined by its name.

==== Social ceili dances ====
{{lang|ga|Céilí}} dances when performed socially are often performed in a progressive style.  At the end of one whole iteration of the dance (lead around and body), instead of stopping, the groups move on to the next set of partners in the line.  {{lang|ga|Céilí}}  dances that can be performed progressively are: walls of Limerick, siege of Ennis, haymaker's jig, and fairy reel. When there is a large social gathering, there will often be a caller for the dance, though it is a very different style from square-dancing caller.  A {{lang|ga|céilí}} caller is usually the teacher or most experienced dancer of the group who has the dance memorized. They then call the movements out in a non-stylized way, intended to remind those who are non-dancers when and where to move. Social {{lang|ga|céilí}} dances are often the easiest dances and very easy to shuffle through as a non-dancer. A caller makes sure that everyone at a social dance can participate. Embellishments are accepted and fun in social {{lang|ga|céilí}} dances, women adding spins or changing the style of a swing based on the skill of a partner.

{{center|Diagram of movement in progressive ceili dance:<br />''Walls of Limerick''}}
{| style="margin:1em auto;"
|-
| '''First dance position''' ||||| '''Progressed position''' ||||| '''Next progressed position'''
|-
| ||||    Couple 2 ||||
|-
| Couple 1 ||||  |||| Couple 2
|-
| Couple 2 |||| Couple 1 |||| Couple 4
|-
|  |||| Couple 4 ||||
|-
| Couple 3 ||||  |||| Couple 1
|-
| Couple 4 |||| Couple 3 |||| Couple 6
|-
|  |||| Couple 6 ||||
|-
| Couple 5 ||||  |||| Couple 3
|-
| Couple 6 |||| Couple 5 |||| Couple 5
|}