Editing CREB (section)

==Function in the brain==
CREB has many functions in many different organs, and some of its functions have been studied in relation to the brain.<ref name="pmid15982754">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carlezon WA, Duman RS, Nestler EJ |title=The many faces of CREB |journal=Trends in Neurosciences |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=436–45 |date=August 2005 |pmid=15982754 |doi=10.1016/j.tins.2005.06.005 |s2cid=6480593 }}</ref> CREB proteins in [[neuron]]s are thought to be involved in the formation of long-term memories;<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kandel |first=Eric R. |date=2012-05-14 |title=The molecular biology of memory: cAMP, PKA, CRE, CREB-1, CREB-2, and CPEB |journal=Molecular Brain |volume=5 |pages=14 |doi=10.1186/1756-6606-5-14 |pmid=22583753 |pmc=3514210 |issn=1756-6606 |doi-access=free }}</ref> this has been shown in the marine snail ''[[Aplysia]]'', the fruit fly ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'', in [[rattus norvegicus|rats]] and in mice (see [[CREB in Molecular and Cellular Cognition]]).<ref name="ReferenceA"/> CREB is necessary for the late stage of [[long-term potentiation]]. CREB also has an important role in the development of [[drug addiction]] and even more so in [[psychological dependence]].<ref name="pmid19052730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nazarian A, Sun WL, Zhou L, Kemen LM, Jenab S, Quinones-Jenab V |title=Sex differences in basal and cocaine-induced alterations in PKA and CREB proteins in the nucleus accumbens |journal=Psychopharmacology |volume=203 |issue=3 |pages=641–50 |date=April 2009 |pmid=19052730 |doi=10.1007/s00213-008-1411-5 |s2cid=24064950 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19243452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang Y, Ghezzi A, Yin JC, Atkinson NS |title=CREB regulation of BK channel gene expression underlies rapid drug tolerance |journal=Genes, Brain and Behavior |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=369–76 |date=June 2009 |pmid=19243452 |doi=10.1111/j.1601-183X.2009.00479.x |pmc=2796570}}</ref><ref name="pmid19244515">{{cite journal |vauthors=DiRocco DP, Scheiner ZS, Sindreu CB, Chan GC, Storm DR |title=A role for calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclases in cocaine sensitization |journal=Journal of Neuroscience |volume=29 |issue=8 |pages=2393–403 |date=February 2009 |pmid=19244515 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4356-08.2009 |pmc=2678191}}</ref> There are activator and repressor forms of CREB. Flies genetically engineered to overexpress the inactive form of CREB lose their ability to retain long-term memory. CREB is also important for the survival of neurons, as shown in genetically engineered mice, where CREB and CREM were deleted in the brain.  If CREB is lost in the whole developing mouse embryo, the mice die immediately after birth, again highlighting the critical role of CREB in promoting neuronal survival.