Editing Cairo Conference (section)

== Planning for the conference ==
The idea of the Cairo Conference originated from the Moscow Conference, in October 1943, of the foreign ministers of the United Kingdom, the United States, the Republic of China, and the Soviet Union. The United States believed that the meeting confirmed the importance of joint action by the four powers, and at the meeting the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the ROC signed a declaration of continued cooperation<ref name=":0"/> and issued a declaration on the joint establishment of international institutions after the war. US Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] lobbied the Soviet Union to include China in the Quadruple Powers, but the Soviet Union had signed the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact with Japan and so found it difficult to do so.<ref name=":1"/> The Soviet Union and the United Kingdom hence did not recognise China as a power, but both of them eventually accepted the American proposal to include the Republic of China as a signatory of the Moscow Declaration of 1 November 1943. The declaration by the four powers stated their intentions to fight to the end until victory and in particular citing their intentions not to sign a separate peace treaty with the enemy,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Z. Y. |first=Xu |title=History of Modern China |publisher=[[Chinese University Publishing House]] |year=2002 |isbn=9622019889 |location=China, Hongkong |pages=608 |language=Chinese}}</ref> and demanding that all countries fight for the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany, the tripartite occupation of post-war Germany, and allied cooperation for international peace and security after the war.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=T. Y. |first=Guo |title=Book of Modern Chinese History |publisher=[[Chinese University Publishing House]] |year=1986 |isbn=9622013538 |location=China, Hongkong |pages=693 |language=Chinese}}</ref>

The United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union agreed to a meeting of the three leaders on 1 November; Roosevelt telegraphed an invitation to Chiang Kai-shek.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=T. Y. |first=Guo |title=Diary of the History of the Republic of China |publisher=[[Google]] |year=2014 |location=China, Hongkong |pages=3124 |language=Chinese}}</ref> Stalin noted that the Soviet Union had not declared war on Japan and was not ready to meet with Chiang to avoid angering Japan, because of its non-aggression pact.<ref name=":1"/> Chiang was less than willing to meet Stalin, as he was unhappy with the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact and with the Soviet Union's aid to the Chinese Communists. Chiang asked for a first separate meeting with Roosevelt. If that meeting could not be arranged, Chiang would rather postpone the meeting with the Soviet Union. Thus, the planned meeting was split into two and held in two places instead, Cairo, for Chiang Kai-shek, and Tehran, for Stalin.<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":5"/> Churchill, fearing that Roosevelt would favour China and make too many promises that would affect the European Theatre, asked for a meeting with Roosevelt before the Cairo Conference, but Roosevelt feared that such a move would arouse suspicion from China and the Soviet Union and so he decided to attend the Cairo Conference directly.<ref name=":4"/> He telegraphed to Churchill to assure that both of them would have another opportunity to discuss privately before meeting with Chiang and Stalin. Roosevelt further invited Churchill and Chiang to meet at Cairo at the same time.<ref name=":1"/>

As security in Cairo was poor, and the meeting place was known to the Axis powers, Roosevelt's advisors had suggested meeting instead in [[Khartoum]] or [[Malta]], but neither place could provide suitable accommodation.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last1=Davis |first1=D. E. |title=Misreading the Foreign Land: American Relations with Russia and China in the 20th Century |last2=Trani |first2=E. P. |year=2014 |isbn=9789865729066 |location=Taipei, Taiwan |pages=363 |language=Chinese}}</ref> Churchill insisted on going to Cairo, insisting that local protection by British troops could guarantee their security [11]:216 and sent a brigade of British troops to install anti-aircraft guns and a defensive radar network in Cairo.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Liang |first=J. C. |date=1973 |title=Cairo Conference |journal=N.a. |publisher=[[Taiwan Commercial Press]] |page=216}}</ref>