Editing Caleb Carr (section)

===Later career===

In 2000, Carr published his next novel, ''Killing Time'', another dystopian tale of the future, this time the near future: 2023. First serialized in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine in 1999. The book finds a world with an abundance of information too easily manipulated, thus frequently obscuring reality. The characters travel from New York to the jungles of Africa in their quest to use such manipulation for the benefit of mankind, only to find themselves enmeshed in the central tragic paradox of their efforts, summed up best in a line from the book that is now a commonplace: "Information is not knowledge". Although some agreed with ''[[USA Today]]'' that ''Killing Time'' was "a techno-terrifying tale of the information age run amok" and "a daring departure from the successful Alienist formula, but Carr is still a master of the cliffhanger, serving up a non-stop thrill ride as the story builds to a surprising finish", many found its stark view of information manipulation and its consequences too pessimistic, and the book was only briefly a ''New York Times'' bestseller.<ref name=":40">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hour25online.com/Hour25_Previous_Shows_2000-6.html#caleb-carr_2000-12-15|title=Hour 25 – Previous Shows – November & December 2000|website=www.hour25online.com|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-date=April 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414124917/http://www.hour25online.com/Hour25_Previous_Shows_2000-6.html#caleb-carr_2000-12-15|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, which were along the lines that Carr had warned of in his writings on terrorism, he returned to the subject, using his "Terrorism as Warfare" piece as the basis for his best-selling, highly acclaimed but controversial book, ''The Lessons of Terror: A History of Warfare Against Civilians''.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|title=The Lessons of Terror: A History of Warfare Against Civilians|last=Carr|first=Caleb|publisher=Random House|year=2002|isbn=978-0-375-76074-7}}</ref> Published in 2002, this study of the history of terrorism from ancient Rome to the present was among the first to provide a precise definition of terrorism, one that has endured and made the book a landmark book in the field:  Once again, reviews were extreme but mixed: some did not share the opinion of the Christian Science Monitor, which foretold correctly that, "After the deadly attacks against the United States, many Americans may now find Carr's earlier arguments prescient and his approach the only one that has a chance of working;"<ref name=":16">{{Cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0214/p16s01-bogn.html|title=Terrorism never works, never has|last=Rose|first=Peter I.|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor|issn=0882-7729|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=April 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403074401/http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0214/p16s01-bogn.html|url-status=live}}</ref> instead, many critics agreed with ''[[Newsweek]]''{{'s}} opinion that, "''The Lessons of Terror'' is so earnest, so well informed and so outrageous ... that almost any reader will find something to love and something that will make you want to throw the book across the room. It is, in short, pure Carr."<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/recipe-fighting-terror-147995|title=A Recipe for Fighting Terror|last=Jones|first=Malcolm|date=February 10, 2002|website=Newsweek.com|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=April 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420130056/http://www.newsweek.com/recipe-fighting-terror-147995|url-status=live}}</ref> But the work achieved the influence among military historians, one of the most eminent of whom, [[John A. Lynn|John Lynn]], subsequently declared, in his own ensuing volume, ''Battle: a History of Combat and Culture'', that Carr's "insistence that Terrorism [sic] can be traced back to the ancient world and that great armies and great states have engaged in attacks on civilians designed to intimidate and terrorize them is important in both obvious and subtle ways",<ref name=":18">{{Cite book|title=Battle: A History of Combat and Culture|last=Lynn|first=John|publisher=Westview Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8133-3372-4|page=324}}</ref> as well as among terrorism experts, and the military and defense communities that Carr had sought; and it formed the basis of his deeper involvement in an advisory capacity for members of the government. Shortly after its publication, he testified before the House Subcommittee on National Security,<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-107hhrg86195/html/CHRG-107hhrg86195.htm|title=- Combating Terrorism: Axis of Evil, Multilateral Containment Or Unilateral Confrontation?|website=www.gpo.gov|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110337/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-107hhrg86195/html/CHRG-107hhrg86195.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> met privately with Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to discuss the future of the war on terrorism, and served as a guest speaker on every major network and many cable news outlets during the American invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Carr was scheduled to appear on February 6, 2002, at the Council on Foreign Relations to discuss his book, ''The Lessons of Terror''. On February 4, 2002, the appearance was cancelled. Various reasons for the halting of the engagement were put forth in the media. One council member was told there was a scheduling conflict; others alleged not enough members signed up; yet Carr believed the real reason was due to his criticisms of Henry Kissinger, who was a member of the council.<ref name=":42">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/02/05/the-reliable-source/2e5914cb-6ee7-48aa-aaeb-758f78fec464/|title=The Reliable Source|last=Grove|first=Lloyd|date=February 5, 2002|newspaper=The Washington Post|issn=0190-8286|access-date=January 7, 2017|archive-date=February 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209050544/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/02/05/the-reliable-source/2e5914cb-6ee7-48aa-aaeb-758f78fec464/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Bard College had asked Carr, in 2003, to speak on the topic of Imperial America.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|url=http://bgia.bard.edu/speakerseries/archive/?year=2003|title=BGIA {{!}} Bard Globalization & International Affairs Program in New York City {{!}} Speaker Series Archive|website=bgia.bard.edu|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=April 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420105100/http://bgia.bard.edu/speakerseries/archive/?year=2003|url-status=live}}</ref> He furthered his relationship with Bard as a visiting professor of history from 2004 to 2005 teaching courses ranging from World Military History to the History of American Intelligence to the History of Insurgencies and Counter Insurgencies. He also taught a course in Criminal Profiling at [[John Jay College]] in Manhattan.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bard.edu/about/history/|title=History of Bard College|publisher=Bard College|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=June 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614212715/http://www.bard.edu/about/history/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=http://inside.bard.edu/academic/courses/spring2005/history.html|title=Course|website=inside.bard.edu|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=May 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517122209/http://inside.bard.edu/academic/courses/spring2005/history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2007, he again participated in the Bard Globalization and International Affairs Program's Speakers Series speaking on the topic of anticipating counter insurgency in Iraq. On September 10, 2002, Carr participated in the Bard's Globalization and International Affairs Program panel discussions to mark the events of September 11, 2001, discussing the repercussions of the attacks on the World Trade Center, Shanksville, Pennsylvania, and the Pentagon.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|url=http://bgia.bard.edu/speakerseries/archive/?year=2002|title=BGIA {{!}} Bard Globalization & International Affairs Program in New York City {{!}} Speaker Series Archive|website=bgia.bard.edu|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=April 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420091710/http://bgia.bard.edu/speakerseries/archive/?year=2002|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, Bard hosted a six-week academic exchange program on foreign policy with the U.S. State Department, titled, "Grand Strategy in Context: Institutions, People, and the Making of U.S. Foreign Policy".<ref name=":29">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bard.edu/news/releases/pr/fstory.php?id=2448|title=Bard Press Release {{!}} Bard College to Host Six-Week Academic Exchange Program on Foreign Policy with U.S. State Department this Summer|publisher=Bard College|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=April 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420083852/http://www.bard.edu/news/releases/pr/fstory.php?id=2448|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2005 Carr published ''[[The Italian Secretary]]'', subtitled ''A Further Adventure of Sherlock Holmes''.  The project was initially to be part of an anthology of new Sherlock Holmes stories by modern mystery writers. When asked why he took on this project, Carr responded, "I think my interest in Holmes is probably like a lot of authors'. There are authors for whom the Holmes stories are part of the beginning of their decision to become writers, especially writers who aspire to popular fiction that has a bit more to it."<ref name=":33">{{Cite web|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/interviews/article/18465-returning-to-holmes.html|title=Returning to Holmes: PW talks with Caleb Carr|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|access-date=April 10, 2016|date=April 18, 2005|archive-date=October 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006075850/http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/interviews/article/18465-returning-to-holmes.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Carr's next fiction endeavor, an ambitious volume he had been tinkering with since the 1980s,<ref name=":39">{{Cite web|url=http://wamc.org/post/book-show-1280-caleb-carr#stream/0|title=The Book Show #1280 – Caleb Carr|last=Donahue|first=Joe|website=wamc.org|date=January 29, 2013|access-date=April 22, 2016}}</ref> was published under the title ''The Legend of Broken''<ref name=":34">{{Cite book|title=The Legend of Broken|last=Carr|first=Caleb|publisher=Random House|year=2012|isbn=978-0-8129-8452-1}}</ref> in 2012. This work of speculative history set during a time period we know little about—the Dark Ages—imagines a multilayered tale where cultures collide in their bid to rule a kingdom where the borders of the natural world seem to almost bleed over into the unnatural, at times, although Carr was adamant in his declaration that the book was ''not'' a work of fantasy. The fictional kingdom of Broken occupies the part of modern Germany known as the Harz Mountains, in particular the mountain peak known as Brocken, which for centuries had been considered the seat of supernatural doings, because, Carr demonstrates, of the ignorance and superstition of man. As the book progresses we see how the word "broken" pertains, not only to the city, but also to the characters. The book is an allegory, a cautionary tale for our own time that ''The Washington Post'' declared, "an excellent and old-fashioned entertainment&nbsp;... ''The Legend of Broken'' seamlessly blends epic adventure with serious research and asks questions that men and women grappled with in the Dark Ages and still do today."<ref name=":35">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/book-review-the-legend-of-broken-by-caleb-carr/2012/11/26/556f04ac-3288-11e2-bfd5-e202b6d7b501_story.html|title=Book review: 'The Legend of Broken' by Caleb Carr|last=Hand|first=Elizabeth|date=November 26, 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|issn=0190-8286|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=November 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127204621/http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/book-review-the-legend-of-broken-by-caleb-carr/2012/11/26/556f04ac-3288-11e2-bfd5-e202b6d7b501_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Carr spent several years researching and writing his final novel, ''Surrender, New York'', published August 23, 2016, by Penguin Random House.<ref name=":36">{{Cite web|url=http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/24379/surrender-new-york-by-caleb-carr/|title=Surrender, New York by Caleb Carr {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com|website=PenguinRandomhouse.com|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=April 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424023940/http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/24379/surrender-new-york-by-caleb-carr/|url-status=live}}</ref> He stated, "This book is essentially a modern application of the principles and theories of Dr. Laszlo Kreizler to criminal behavior especially that directed at children."<ref name=":37">{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0679455698/|title=Surrender, New York: A Novel|last=Carr|first=Caleb|date=August 23, 2016|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-679-45569-1|access-date=August 30, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210115444/https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0679455698|url-status=live}}</ref>

After many failed attempts at adapting ''The Alienist'' to film, Paramount announced, in the summer of 2015, that it had partnered with TNT to produce a TV series adaptation helmed by [[Cary Fukunaga]], Emmy-winning director of ''[[True Detective]]''. Carr, tentatively hired on (pending his approval of the final scripts produced) as a consulting producer, commented, "After twenty years of tough struggle and countless failed attempts, I'm delighted that Paramount Television, Anonymous Content and TNT have decided to join forces and bring 'The Alienist' to life in what, based on the material I've read, has the potential to be a faithful and exciting TV series." [[Hossein Amini]], [[Gina Gionfriddo]], [[E. Max Frye]] and [[John Sayles]] also joined the Paramount Television and Anonymous Content project as writers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/the-alienist-tnt-caleb-carr-consulting-producer-1201544785/|title='The Alienist' Author Caleb Carr Boards TNT Series as Consulting Producer (Exclusive)|last=Wagmeister|first=Elizabeth|website=Variety|access-date=April 10, 2016|date=July 21, 2015|archive-date=April 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411225150/http://variety.com/2015/tv/news/the-alienist-tnt-caleb-carr-consulting-producer-1201544785/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Carr consistently kept up his nonfiction writing, on terrorism, especially. In response to the continued threats from ISIS near the end of 2015 and early in 2016, for example, Carr published a quartet of essays embodying once again his roots as a noted military scholar. The first article, published in the ''Los Angeles Times'', was "If France Wants to Succeed against Islamic State, it should Study the U. S. Invasion of Afghanistan".<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-1123-carr-afghanistan-invasion-france-20151123-story.html|title=If France wants to succeed against Islamic State, it should study the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 10, 2016|date=November 23, 2015|archive-date=January 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122101157/http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-1123-carr-afghanistan-invasion-france-20151123-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> That was followed by "Let Europe Lead the War in Syria: History Counsels Caution for American Troops", published in the [[New York Daily News|New York ''Daily News'']].<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/caleb-carr-europe-lead-war-syria-article-1.2446892|title=Caleb Carr: Let Europe lead the war in Syria|website=New York Daily News|date=November 28, 2015 |access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=March 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305201655/http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/caleb-carr-europe-lead-war-syria-article-1.2446892|url-status=live}}</ref> Next, ''Vanity Fair'' published, "The Frantic Media Response to San Bernardino is Making Us Less Safe;"<ref name=":22">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/12/caleb-carr-media-response-to-san-bernardino-shooting|title=What We Can Learn from the Frantic Media Response to San Bernardino|last=Carr|first=Caleb|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=December 9, 2015|access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=April 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412204006/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/12/caleb-carr-media-response-to-san-bernardino-shooting|url-status=live}}</ref> and most recently, the ''Daily News'' published another essay of Carr's called, "Strangling Isis, Slowly but Surely" The last warned what Carr saw as an American public that has never fully recovered psychologically from the attacks of 9/11 that the Global War on Terrorism will never have "a Hiroshima moment", and should not attempt one; instead, victory will only be gained patiently and over a span of decades..<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/caleb-carr-defeating-isis-slowly-surely-article-1.2583199|title=Caleb Carr: Defeating ISIS, slowly but surely|website=New York Daily News|date=March 31, 2016 |access-date=April 10, 2016|archive-date=April 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412220034/http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/caleb-carr-defeating-isis-slowly-surely-article-1.2583199|url-status=live}}</ref>