Editing Caloric theory (section)

==== Caloric vs. heat ====
The term “caloric” was not coined until 1787, when [[Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau]] used ''calorique'' in a work he co-edited with Lavoisier.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guyton de Morveau |first=Louis Bernard |author-link=Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_0MMPAAAAQAAJ_2/page/n41/mode/1up |title=Méthode de nomenclature chimique |last2=Lavoisier |first2=Antoine |author-link2=Antoine Lavoisier |last3=Bertholet |first3=Claude-Louis |author-link3=Claude Louis Berthollet |last4=Fourcroy |first4=Antoine-François de |author-link4=Antoine-François de Fourcroy |date=1787 |publisher=Cuchet |others= |pages=31 |chapter=Mémoire sur le développement des principes de la nomenclature méthodique}}</ref> The word “caloric” was first used in English in a 1788 translation of Guyton de Morveau's essay by James St. John.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guyton de Morveau |first=Louis Bernard |title=Method of Chymical Nomenclature |last2=Lavoisier |first2=Antoine |last3=Bertholet |first3=Claude-Louis |last4=Fourcroy |first4=Antoine-François de |date=1788 |publisher=Kearsley |pages=22 |translator-last=St. John |translator-first=James |trans-title= |chapter=A memoir to explain the principles of the methodical nomenclature |orig-date=1787}}</ref> In his influential 1789 textbook ''[[Traité Élémentaire de Chimie]]'', Lavoisier clarified the concept of caloric and introduced it to a wider audience. Lavoisier emphasized that caloric was the ''cause'' of heat and therefore could not be ''equated'' with heat, i.e. not be the cause of itself. As for a definition of heat, Lavoisier offered just a simple, dictionary-style explanation:
{{Blockquote|text=heat ... the sensation which we call ''warmth'' being caused by the accumulation of this substance, we cannot, in strict language, distinguish it by the term ''heat''; because the same name would then very improperly express both cause and effect. For this reason, in the memoir which I published in 1777, I gave it the names of ''igneous fluid'' and ''matter of heat''. In [''Méthode de nomenclature chimique''] we have distinguished the cause of heat, or that exquisitely elastic fluid which produces it, by the term of ''caloric''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lavoisier |first=Antoine |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/30775/pg30775-images.html#Page_1 |title=Elements of Chemistry, in a New Systematic Order, Containing All the Modern Discoveries |publisher=William Creech |year=1790 |pages=4-5 |translator-last=Kerr |translator-first=Robert |orig-date=1789}}</ref>}}