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Canning
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===In the United States=== [[File:Cannery worker filling tuna cans, Los Angeles Cannery Co., Long Beach, Ca. (4951753662).jpg|thumb|A cannery worker filling [[Tuna#Canned|cans of tuna]] in [[Long Beach, California]], United States, {{circa|1930}}]] Canned food also began to spread beyond Europe—Robert Ayars established the first American canning factory in [[New York City]] in 1812, using improved tin-plated wrought-iron cans for preserving [[oyster]]s, [[meat]]s, [[fruit]]s, and [[vegetable]]s. Demand for canned food greatly increased during wars. Large-scale wars in the nineteenth century, such as the [[Crimean War]], [[American Civil War]], and [[Franco-Prussian War]], introduced increasing numbers of working-class men to canned food, and allowed canning companies to expand their businesses to meet military demands for non-perishable food, enabling companies to manufacture in bulk and sell to wider civilian markets after wars ended. Urban populations in [[Victorian era|Victorian]] [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] demanded ever-increasing quantities of cheap, varied, quality food that they could keep at home without having to go shopping daily. In response, companies such as [[William Underwood Company|Underwood]], [[Nestlé]], [[H. J. Heinz Company|Heinz]], and others provided quality canned food for sale to [[working class]] city-dwellers. The late 19th century saw the range of canned food available to urban populations greatly increase, as canners competed with each other using novel foodstuffs, highly decorated printed labels, and lower prices.
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