Editing Cargo ship (section)

=== Size categories ===
Cargo ships are categorized partly by cargo or shipping capacity ([[tonnage]]), partly by weight ([[deadweight tonnage]] DWT), and partly by dimensions. Maximum dimensions such as length and width ([[Beam (nautical)|beam]]) limit the canal locks a ship can fit in, water depth ([[Draft (hull)|draft]]) is a limitation for canals, shallow straits or harbors and height is a limitation in order to pass under bridges. Common categories include:

* Dry cargo
** Small Handy size, carriers of 20,000–{{DWT|28,000}}
**[[Seawaymax]], {{DWT|28,000}} the largest vessel that can traverse the [[St Lawrence Seaway]]. These are vessels less than {{convert|740|ft|m|1|order=flip}} in length, {{convert|78|ft|m|1|order=flip}} wide, and have a draft less than {{convert|26.51|ft|m|2|order=flip}} and a height above the waterline no more than {{convert|35.5|m}}.
** [[Handysize|Handy size]], carriers of 28,000–{{DWT|40,000}}
** [[Handymax]], carriers of 40,000–{{DWT|50,000}}
** [[Panamax]], the largest size that can traverse the original locks of the [[Panama Canal]], a {{convert|294.13|m|ft|abbr=on}} length, a {{convert|32.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} width, and a {{convert|12.04|m|ft|abbr=on}} draft as well as a height limit of {{convert|57.91|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Average deadweight between {{DWT|65,000}} and {{DWT|80,000}}, with cargo intake limited to {{DWT|52,500}}.
** [[Panamax#Neopanamax|Neopanamax]], [[Panama Canal expansion project|upgraded Panama locks]] with {{convert|366|m|ft|abbr=on}} length, {{convert|55|m|ft|abbr=on}} beam, {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}} draft, {{DWT|120,000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shippingresearch.wordpress.com/2012/09/12/the-new-panamax-13200-teu-containership-120000-dwt-bulk-carrier/|title=The New Panamax; 13,200-TEU Containership, 120,000 dwt Bulk Carrier|work=Shipping Research and Finance|date=September 12, 2012}}</ref>
** [[Capesize]], vessels larger than Suezmax and Neopanamax, and must traverse [[Cape Agulhas]] and [[Cape Horn]] to travel between oceans, dimension: about 170,000 DWT, {{cvt|290|m|ft}} long, {{cvt|45|m|ft}} beam (wide), {{cvt|18|m|ft}} draft (under water depth).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aone-maritime.com/vessel-sizes/ | title=Types of vessel sizes and Bulk Carriers - A One Maritime }}</ref>
** [[Chinamax]], carriers of 380,000–{{DWT|400,000}} up to {{convert|24|m|ft|abbr=on}} draft, {{convert|65|m|ft|abbr=on}} beam and {{convert|360|m|ft|abbr=on}} length; these dimensions are limited by port infrastructure in China
** [[Baltimax]], limited by the [[Great Belt]]. The limit is a draft of {{cvt|15.4|m|ft}} and an [[air draft]] of {{cvt|65|m|ft}}, which is limited by the clearance of the east bridge of the [[Great Belt Fixed Link]]. The length can be around {{cvt|240|m|ft}} and the width around {{cvt|42|m|ft}}. This gives a weight of around 100,000&nbsp;metric tons.

* Wet cargo
**[[Aframax]], oil tankers between 75,000 and {{DWT|115,000}}. This is the largest size defined by the average freight rate assessment (AFRA) scheme.
** [[Q-Max]],  [[liquefied natural gas]] carrier for [[Qatar]] exports. A ship of Q-Max size is {{convert|345|m|ft|abbr=on}} long and measures {{convert|53.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|34.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} high, with a shallow draft of approximately {{convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=joongang>
{{cite news
 | newspaper = [[Korea JoongAng Daily]]
 | url= http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2892082
 | title= Korea launches new tankers. Qatar-bound Mozah is the biggest LNG carrier ever built
 | author = Cho Jae-eun
 | date=2008-07-09
 | access-date=2008-08-02
}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference
 |publisher    = [[United States Maritime Administration|Maritime Administration]]
 |conference   = Intertanko Conference
 |url          = http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/DWP_--_Marine_Transportation_of_LNG.pdf
 |title        = Marine Transportation of LNG
 |first        = Bob
 |last         = Curt
 |date         = 2004-03-29
 |access-date  = 2011-07-30
 |archive-date = July 22, 2011
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722080143/http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/DWP_--_Marine_Transportation_of_LNG.pdf
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref> 
** [[Suezmax]], typically ships of about {{DWT|160,000}}, maximum dimensions are a beam of {{convert|77.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}, a draft of {{convert|20.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} as well as a height limit of {{convert|68|m|ft|abbr=on}} can traverse the [[Suez Canal]]
** [[VLCC]] (Very Large Crude Carrier), [[supertanker]]s between 150,000 and {{DWT|320,000}}.
*** [[Malaccamax]], ships with a draft less than {{convert|20.5|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} that can traverse the [[Strait of Malacca]], typically {{DWT|300,000}}. 
** [[Ultra Large Crude Carrier|ULCC]] (Ultra Large Crude Carrier), enormous supertankers between 320,000 and {{DWT|550,000}}

[[File:Ship measurements comparison.svg|Comparison of ship sizes]]

The [[TI-class supertanker]] is an Ultra Large Crude Carrier, with a draft that is deeper than Suezmax, Malaccamax and Neopanamax. This causes Atlantic/Pacific routes to be very long, such as the long voyages south of Cape of Good Hope or south of Cape Horn to transit between Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

[[Lake freighter]]s built for the [[Great Lakes]] in North America differ in design from sea water–going ships because of the difference in wave size and frequency in the lakes. A number of these ships are larger than Seawaymax and cannot leave the lakes and pass to the Atlantic Ocean, since they do not fit the locks on the [[Saint Lawrence Seaway]].